Environmental and Economic Implications of the Biogeochemistry of Oil Sands Bitumen
Oil sands are one of the largest global resources of petroleum, which, in the future, will potentially be produced and transported on an increasing scale. The unique biogeochemistry of oil sands bitumens is the result of extensive in-reservoir biodegradat
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H. Huang, R. C. Silva, J. R. Radović, and S. R. Larter
Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Biodegradation Systematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Extended Oil Sands Bitumen Compositional Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Compositional Continuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Asphaltenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Other Non-hydrocarbon Compounds in Bitumens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Environmental Implications of Oil Sands Bitumen Biogeochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Research Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Oil sands are one of the largest global resources of petroleum, which, in the future, will potentially be produced and transported on an increasing scale. The unique biogeochemistry of oil sands bitumens is the result of extensive in-reservoir biodegradation which produced very viscous and dense fluids, rich in aromatic hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, containing sulfur and nitrogen and oxygen. The physicochemical properties of such species have significant implications for the economic and environmental aspects of oil sands exploitation, for example, energy and water use, residue generation (i.e., tailings ponds), fate and effects of incidental spills, etc. In this chapter we give an integrated overview of the oil sands bitumen composition, its effects on bitumen behavior, and discuss the future
H. Huang · R. C. Silva · J. R. Radović (*) · S. R. Larter PRG, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 H. Wilkes (ed.), Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate, Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90569-3_19
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research needs, in particular the integration of more advanced analytical chemical protocols and models, needed for the reliable assessment of non-hydrocarbon species, in spilled oil scenarios, which are the major component of some oil sands bitumens.
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Introduction
The geological and biogeochemical con
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