Environmental Effects of Afforestation in North-Western Europe F

As issues of water quality and carbon emissions have moved up the political agenda, the afforestation of former arable land has become an increasingly common practice throughout much of Europe. In addition to wood production these new forests can provide

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PLANT AND VEGETATION Volume 1

Series Editor: M.J.A. Werger

Environmental Effects of Afforestation in North-Western Europe From Field Observations to Decision Support Edited by

Gerrit W. Heil Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Bart Muys KU Leuven, Belgium and

Karin Hansen Forest & Landscape, Hùrsholm, Denmark

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-4567-0 (HB) 978-1-4020-4567-7 (HB) 1-4020-4568-9 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4568-4 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................................... vii Introduction: Demand for Afforestation Management in North-Western Europe...... 1 G.W. HEIL, K. HANSEN, B. MUYS AND J. VAN ORSHOVEN Carbon Sequestration in Soil and Biomass Following Afforestation: Experiences from Oak and Norway Spruce Chronosequences in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands..................................................................................... 19 L. VESTERDAL, L. ROSENQVIST, C. VAN DER SALM, K. HANSEN, B.-J. GROENENBERG AND M.-B. JOHANSSON Interception and Water Recharge Following Afforestation: Experiences from Oak and Norway Spruce Chronosequences in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands..................................................................................... 53 C. VAN DER SALM, L. ROSENQVIST, L. VESTERDAL, K. HANSEN, H. DENIER VAN DER GON, A. BLEEKER, R. WIEGGERS AND A. VAN DEN TOORN Nitrogen Deposition and Nitrate Leaching Following Afforestation: Experiences from Oak and Norway Spruce Chronosequences in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands................................................................ 79 L. ROSENQVIST, K. HANSEN, L. VESTERDAL, H. DENIER VAN DER GON, C. VAN DER SALM, A. BLEEKER AND M.-B. JOHANSSON Modelling the Nitrogen Deposition to Afforested Systems.................................... 109 A. BLEEKER AND W.P.A. VAN DEURSEN Effects of Light and N Availability in Forests on Plant Species Diversity in the Field Layer: A Plant Ecological and Modelling Approach ........................... 129 M. ELEMANS AND G.W. HEIL Modelling the Afforested System: the Forest/Tree Model ..................................... 149 G.W. HEIL, W. VAN DEURSEN, M. ELEMANS, J. MOL AND H. KROS Modelling the Afforested System: The Soil and Water Compartment ................... 175 H. KROS, J. MOL, B.J. GROENENBERG, G.J. REINDS, G.W. HEIL, W. VAN DEURSEN AND W. D