Environmental Geoinformatics Monitoring and Management
There is no doubt that today, perhaps more than ever before, humanity faces a myriad of complex and demanding challenges. These include natural resource depletion and environmental degradation, food and water insecurity, energy shortages, diminishing biod
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Joseph L. Awange John B. Kyalo Kiema
Environmental Geoinformatics Monitoring and Management
Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science
Series Editors Rod Allan Ulrich Förstner Wim Salomons
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Joseph L. Awange John B. Kyalo Kiema •
Environmental Geoinformatics Monitoring and Management
123
John B. Kyalo Kiema Department of Geospatial and Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya
Joseph L. Awange Department of Spatial Sciences Curtin University Perth, WA Australia Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
Institut d’Enseignement Supérieur (INES) - Ruhengeri Musanze Rwanda
Kyoto University Kyoto Japan School of Environment Maseno University Kisumu Kenya
ISSN 1431-6250 ISBN 978-3-642-34084-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34085-7
ISBN 978-3-642-34085-7
(eBook)
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013934385 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The title and subtitle of this textbook convey a distinct message. Monitoring—the passive part in the subtitle—refers to observation and data acquisition, whereas management—the active component— stands for operation and per
