Environmental Justice in the New Millennium Global Perspectives on R
Environmental Justice is one of the most important human rights challenges today. It refers to inequitable environmental burdens born by groups such as racial minorities, residents of economically disadvantaged areas, or residents of developing nations. T
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Selected Publications from Filomina Chioma Steady The Black Woman Cross-Culturally (editor). Cambridge: Schenkman, 1981. Women and Children First: Environment, Poverty and Sustainable Development (editor). Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books, 1993. Women and the United Nations: Reflections and New Horizons (coeditor). Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books, 1995. Women and the Amistad Connection: Sierra Leone Krio Society. Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books, 2001. Black Women, Globalization and Economic Justice (editor). Rochester, VT: Schenkman Books, 2002. Women and Collective Action in Africa: Development, Democratization, and Empowerment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Env ironmental Ju stice i n the New Millennium Global Perspectives on Race, Eth nic ity, a nd H um an R i g h ts
Edited by Filomina Chioma Steady
palgrave
macmillan
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM
Copyright © Filomina Chioma Steady, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-37944-6 ISBN 978-0-230-62253-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-230-62253-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition: July 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the memory of Dana Alston, a pioneer of environmental justice, and in appreciation of the environmental justice work of Robert Bullard—United States, Owens Wiwa—Nigeria, Erma Brodber—Jamaica, Abdias Do Nascimento—Brazil, and Wangari Maathai—Kenya (2004 Nobel Peace Prizewinner).
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction Filomina C. Steady
1
Part I Linking History, Theory, and Praxis: Race, Place, and Human Rights 1
Environmental Justice: A Brief History and Overview Glenn S. Johnson
2
Environmental Justice Cross-Culturally: Theory and Praxis in the African Diaspora and in Africa Filomina C. Steady
3
17
47
Mothering at the Crossroads: African American Women and the Emergence of the Movement against Environmental Racism Celene Krauss
65
Part II Case Studies: Brazil, Jamaica, Nigeria, Guinea, South Africa, India, and the United Kingdom 4
5
6
Strategies of Confinement: Environmental Injustice and Police Violence in Brazil Christen A. Smith Gendered Dimensions of Environmental Justice: Caribbean Perspectives Leith L. Dunn From Colonialism to
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