Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions

This book provides high-quality research results and proposes future priorities for more sustainable development and energy security. It covers a broad range of topics on atmospheric changes, climate change impacts, climate change modeling and simulations

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Ibrahim Dincer Can Ozgur Colpan Mehmet Akif Ezan Editors

EnvironmentallyBenign Energy Solutions

Green Energy and Technology

Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers “green” solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical. **Indexed in Scopus**.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059

Ibrahim Dincer Can Ozgur Colpan Mehmet Akif Ezan •



Editors

Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions

123

Editors Ibrahim Dincer Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa, ON, Canada

Can Ozgur Colpan Dokuz Eylul University Buca, Izmir, Turkey

Mehmet Akif Ezan Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Buca, Izmir, Turkey

ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy and Technology ISBN 978-3-030-20636-9 ISBN 978-3-030-20637-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

Environmental problems, including air, water, and soil pollution as well as climate change, have become major concerns to many in