Enzyme: A Bio Catalyst for Cleaning up Textile and Apparel Sector
The textile and apparel sector provides employment to huge population across the world and plays a major role in global economy. Although, various toxic chemicals start from fiber cultivation/production to apparel production are used in it. Therefore, the
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Abstract The textile and apparel sector provides employment to huge population across the world and plays a major role in global economy. Although, various toxic chemicals start from fiber cultivation/production to apparel production are used in it. Therefore, there is dire need to replace these toxic chemicals with appropriate eco-friendly sustainable alternatives. Enzymes have great potential to detoxify the whole supply chain by replacing various harmful chemicals being used in textile and apparel sector especially in wet processing. Enzymes are biocatalyst and life cannot be thought of without them. Infact, enzymes are precious gift of nature for sustainability. Detox fashion cannot be thought of without considering the enzymes as they not only substitute various toxic chemicals but themselves are biodegradable, sustainable and work at low energy. Amylase, pectinase, lipase, catalase, cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, laccase, sericinase, etc are extensively used enzymes in textile and apparel wet processing. The foregoing chapter discusses detox fashion via applications of these enzymes in sustainable wet processing of cotton, regenerated cellulosic, bast, wool, silk, etc textile materials. Enzyme also has great potential in production and modification of manmade fiber along with waste water treatment, decolorisation, soil remediation and detoxification. Further the impact of biotechnological advancements in enzymatic application in textiles has been discussed.
Keywords Enzyme Enzyme preparation Textile wet processing Desizing Scouring Bleaching Removal of hydrogen peroxide Biopolishing Fading of denim Bast fibres Wool and silk Leather processing Immobilized enzyme
L. Jajpura (&) Department of Fashion Technology, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 S.S. Muthu (ed.), Detox Fashion, Textile Science and Clothing Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4876-0_5
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1 Introduction In past centuries numerous developments took place starting from fiber cultivation or production to garment manufacturing. Although these developments fulfilled the huge demands and fashion needs of increased global population but each step is associated with environmental pollution. In fact, the natural fibers e.g. cotton which seems eco-friendly also creates great threat to the environment due to unnecessary use of huge amount of water, synthetic pesticide and fertilizes whereas manmade fiber needs various toxic chemicals as raw material for production and further associated with dispose off problem due to non biodegradability (Jajpura and Singh 2015). Fashion cannot be completed without embellishment using colors, other furnishing and finish effects. Thus, the textile materials and apparels are pretreated, dyed, printed and finished in textile wet processing steps as per the required aesthetic and functional properties. These operations such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, retting, dyeing, printing, finishin
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