Epicardial adipose tissue in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis study and trial sequential analysis
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NEPHROLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Epicardial adipose tissue in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta‑analysis study and trial sequential analysis Guang Song1 · Wei Qiao1 · Kaiwei Liu1 · Xiaona Yu1 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in the general population, and usually increases in the patients with cardiovascular disease risk. The change of EAT in patients with CKD was still controversial. For further understanding, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. Methods Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus on March 13, 2020. The summarized standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between EAT (thickness and volume) and CKD. Trial sequential analysis was conducted to estimate whether the evidence of the results is sufficient. Results In total, 17 studies with 1961 participants (1205 patients in the CKD group and 756 participants in the control group) were involved. The EAT thickness was significantly increased in the CKD group compared to the control group (SMD = 1.31, 95% CI 0.89–1.73, P
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