Epidemiologic Burden of Skin Cancer in the US and Worldwide
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SKIN CANCER (O MARKOWITZ AND E TONGDEE, SECTION EDITORS)
Epidemiologic Burden of Skin Cancer in the US and Worldwide Chandler W. Rundle 1 & Michelle Militello 2 & Cara Barber 3 & Colby L. Presley 2 & Hope R. Rietcheck 1 & Robert P. Dellavalle 1,4 Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Skin cancer is one of the leading causes of skin disease burden worldwide. This systematic review provides an overview of the United States (US) and global melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) epidemiologic studies published in the last 5 years. Recent Findings The incidence of melanoma and NMSC continues to rise both in the US and worldwide. The highest global agestandardized incidence rates (ASIRs) for melanoma were Australasia, North America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Central Europe. Various results were reported for the mortality of skin cancer; however, overall, the mortality was higher in men than women and remained relatively stable. Notably, NMSC caused more deaths globally than melanoma, albeit at a slower rate. Summary Epidemiologic studies on skin cancer provide the vital information needed to implement effective preventive efforts. Increased global skin cancer burden necessitates continued surveillance and production of accurate, high-quality NMSC and melanoma epidemiologic studies. Keywords Skin cancer incidence . Skin cancer mortality . Melanoma . Non-melanoma skin cancer . Basal cell carcinoma . Squamous cell carcinoma
Introduction Skin cancer is one of the leading causes of dermatologic disease burden worldwide [1]. According to recent American Cancer Society data, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US) [2]. The pathogenesis for both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is multifactorial and inCo-first authors Chandler W. Rundle and Michelle Militello This article is part of the Topical Collection on Skin Cancer * Robert P. Dellavalle [email protected] 1
Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
2
Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, USA
3
College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
4
Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, Rm E1-342, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
volves many environmental and behavioral risk factors. The most well-known and studied risk factor for the development of skin cancer is UV radiation [3]. For this reason, preventative efforts have focused extensively on reducing UV exposure and skin cancer screening. Despite these efforts, the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise in both the US and worldwide. While UV exposure remains an important risk factor, recent epidemiologic studies indicate that other factors may also play a role in the increasing incidence. In the US alone, it is estimated that 4.9 million adults were treated for skin cancer each year between 2007 and 2011 [3]. It is well
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