Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera
Though cholera is an ancient disease, its perennial occurrence in several parts of the world has attracted many researches to find ways and means to combat the disease. The prevailing seventh pandemic cholera is dominating since 1961, but the dimension of
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T. Ramamurthy · S.K. Bhattacharya Editors
Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects on Cholera
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Editors T. Ramamurthy National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P-33 C.I.T. Road Scheme XM Kolkata 700010, India [email protected]
S.K. Bhattacharya Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi 110029, India [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60327-264-3 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-265-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-265-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936274 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
More than 150 years ago the cholera-causing pathogen Vibrio cholerae was discovered and knowledge on its characteristics, biochemistry, physiology and genetics is growing incessantly. Many of its unique features give feast for research and frustration in managing the disease. Though our understanding of the features and behaviour of V. cholerae are remarkable, suffering from its infection in the form of cholera is still continuing, mostly in Asian and African countries. Owing to lack of surveillance and timely reporting of cholera in endemic regions due to economic and other disincentives, the overall cholera scenario has not changed substantially. The raison d être of its persistence in nature is mainly attributed to age old factors such as contaminated or inadequate water supply, sanitary conditions, congregation of people due to natural calamities or political unrest and by and large the poor health practises. During the last three decades, intensive research has been made to understand the virulence properties of the organisms, genes that support the colonization and survival in the gut as well in the environments and their contribution in the epidemiology of cholera. How cholera spreads around the globe and what determines its seas
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