Epidemiology of enuresis: a large number of children at risk of low regard
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RESEARCH
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Epidemiology of enuresis: a large number of children at risk of low regard Pietro Ferrara1,2* , Giulia Franceschini2, Federico Bianchi Di Castelbianco3, Rachele Bombace4, Alberto Villani5 and Giovanni Corsello6
Abstract Aim: To describe the epidemiological aspects of nocturnal enuresis (NE). In this study we identify the prevalence and the familial conditions in a large, representative sample of children with monosymptomatic NE (MNE) and nonmonosyptomatic NE (NMNE). Material and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP) promoted a prevalence study of NE using a questionnaire involved 320 primary care Pediatricians from Northern, Central and Southern Italy, from January 2019 to July 2019, with a total of 130,000 children analyzed by questionnaire related to epidemiology and type of NE, familiarity, quality of sleep, eating and drinking habits, pharmacological and psychological/behavioural interventions and family involvement. Results: 270/320 (84.4%) Paediatrician replied to our questionnaire. We enrolled a total of 9307/130,000 (7.2%) children with NE, aged between 5 and 14 years: 2141 diagnosed with MNE and 7176 qualified as NMNE. Poor quality of sleep were reported in 7064 patients; 90% of children did not consider a dietary and drinking recommendation. Pediatrician reported a total of 54.1% of parents who declared to have a negative reaction to their children because of the bedwetting. A percentage of 71.4% of parents declared to use or to have used alternative therapies and not to prefer, at first, a pharmacological intervention. Conclusion: The choice of treatment should include psychological/behavioural interventions in all cases to improve the therapeutic outcome. All primary care Pediatricians should be aware of the all aspects of NE to choose the best way to treat every patient. Keywords: Enuresis, Children, Epidemiology
Introduction Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in children that can cause low quality of life to the child and to his/her family. NE is defined as an intermittent (i.e., not continuous) bedwetting with any frequency while sleeping in children, according to the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS) [1]. NE in children without any other lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms and * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical School, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy 2 Service of Pediatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
without a history of bladder dysfunction is defined as monosymptomatic NE (MNE). Children with concomitant daytime incontinence is still called NE (or nocturnal incontinence), although it belongs to the nonmonosymptomatic variety (NMNE). Three major pathogenetic mechanisms have been established as essential and they are nocturnal polyuria, detrusor overactivity and associated with failure to awaken in response to bladder sensat
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