Epidemiology of Insomnia
Prevalence of insomnia is variable due to inconsistency in defining the syndrome. It can be seen with or without comorbid illnesses and is now recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome even when associated with an underlying medical or psychiatric disord
- PDF / 243,749 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 439.37 x 666.14 pts Page_size
- 101 Downloads / 180 Views
Epidemiology of Insomnia Ritu G. Grewal and Karl Doghramji
Abstract Prevalence of insomnia is variable due to inconsistency in defining the syndrome. It can be seen with or without comorbid illnesses and is now recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome even when associated with an underlying medical or psychiatric disorder. It is more common in women and in people who do shift work. Insomnia is present worldwide but appears to be less common in Asians. Individuals who have an anxiety-prone personality and depression are more prone to develop insomnia. It can have a huge economic impact as insomnia sufferers place a significant economic burden on their employers and health care system. Insomnia may be a risk factor for development of depression, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery diseases. Keywords Prevalence of insomnia • Anxiety • Depression • Fatigue • Shift work • Women and sleep • Difficulty sleeping
Sleep accounts for one-third of human life and insomnia is the most common sleeprelated complaint and the second most common overall complaint (after pain) reported in primary care settings [1].
R.G. Grewal, M.D. (*) Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 211 South Ninth Street, Suite 500, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA e-mail: [email protected] K. Doghramji, M.D. Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 H.P. Attarian (ed.), Clinical Handbook of Insomnia, Current Clinical Neurology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41400-3_2
13
14
R.G. Grewal and K. Doghramji
Estimates of the prevalence of insomnia are variable, owing in part to inconsistencies in definitions and diagnostic criteria for insomnia. These issues also make it difficult to define other dimensions of the condition, such as incidence and remission rates, as a uniform characterization of episode lengths is lacking; a positive finding of insomnia at baseline and at 1-year follow-up may reflect unremitting chronic insomnia or two episodes of transient insomnia [2, 3]. Currently, there are three distinct diagnostic nosologic systems for insomnia; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [4], the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) [5], and the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders [6]. Several changes have been made to the diagnostic criterion of Insomnia in the DSM-5 and ICSD-3. The ICSD-3 classification of insomnia is notably different in terms of elimination of previous subtypes of insomnia as primary vs. secondary insomnia related to an existing psychiatric, medical, or substance-abuse disorder. There are now three distinct categories of insomnia: chronic insomnia, short-term insomnia disorder, and other insomnia disorder. These diagnoses apply to patients with and without comorbidities. Similarly DSM-5 no longer makes a distinction between primary insomnia and insomnia secondary to a psychiatric, medical, or
Data Loading...
