Equine rhinitis B viruses in horse fecal samples from the Middle East
- PDF / 2,286,670 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 46 Downloads / 183 Views
RESEARCH
Open Access
Equine rhinitis B viruses in horse fecal samples from the Middle East Patrick C. Y. Woo1,2,3,4*†, Susanna K. P. Lau1,2,3,4†, Garnet K. Y. Choi2†, Yi Huang2, Renate Wernery5, Sunitha Joseph5, Emily Y. M. Wong2, Shyna K. Elizabeth5, Nissy Annie Georgy Patteril5, Tong Li2, Ulrich Wernery5* and Kwok-Yung Yuen1,2,3,4
Abstract Background: Among all known picornaviruses, only two species, equine rhinitis A virus and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) are known to infect horses, causing respiratory infections. No reports have described the detection of ERBV in fecal samples of horses and no complete genome sequences of ERBV3 are available. Methods: We performed a molecular epidemiology study to detect ERBVs in horses from Dubai and Hong Kong. Complete genome sequencing of the ERBVs as well as viral loads and genome, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis were performed on the positive samples. Results: ERBV was detected in four (13.8 %) of the 29 fecal samples in horses from Dubai, with viral loads 8.28 × 103 to 5.83 × 104 copies per ml, but none of the 47 fecal samples in horses from Hong Kong by RT-PCR. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that three of the four strains were ERBV3 and one was ERBV2. The major difference between the genomes of ERBV3 and those of ERBV1 and ERBV2 lied in the amino acid sequences of their VP1 proteins. The Ka/Ks ratios of all the coding regions in the ERBV3 genomes were all 70 % are shown. The scale bar indicates the estimated number of substitutions per 20 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of the (b) P1, (c) VP1, (d) P2, and (e) P3 regions of the four ERBVs (shaded in gray) in the present study and those of other ERBVs. ERAV was included as the outgroup. The scale bars indicate the estimated number of substitutions per 10 (P1), 5 (VP1) and 10 (P2) and 10 (P3) amino acids, respectively. Virus abbreviations (GenBank accession numbers shown in parentheses): AEV, avian encephalomyelitis virus (NC_003990); AiV, Aichi virus A (NC_001918); BHUV1, Hunnivirus A (NC_018668); CPDV-209, Cadicivirus A (JN819202); DHAV-1, duck hepatitis A virus 1 (NC_008250); DPV, avian sapelovirus (NC_006553); EMCV, encephalomyocarditis virus (NC_001479); ERAV, equine rhinitis A virus (NC_003982); ERBV strains, 1576/99 (AY606998), 2225AS (GU799328), 2484c/75 (DQ108385), 263/75 (AY606990), 271AL (GU799329), 271AS (GU799330), 271/75 (AY606991), 293/74 (AY606988), 322/74 (AY606989), 379AL (GU799331), 379/75 (AY606992), 4442/75 (DQ108383), 57-14/89 (AY606994), 58-13/89 (AY606995), 83-11/89 (AY606996), 9051-7/89 (AY606997), KP/92 (AY606993), R4/75 (DQ108384); ERBV1, equine rhinitis B virus 1 (NC_003983); ERBV2, equine rhinitis B virus 2 (AF361253); EV-C, Enterovirus C (NC_002058); FMDV-O, foot-and-mouth disease virus type O (NC_004004); HAV, hepatitis A virus (NC_001489); HCoSV-A1, Cosavirus A (NC_012800); HPeV, human parechovirus (NC_001897); MsPV1, Mischivirus A (JQ814851); MoV, Mosavirus A (NC_023987); PTV-1, porcine teschovirus (NC_003985); RosaV, Rosavirus A (JF973686); SaV, S
Data Loading...
