Erasing a People: Indigenous People and Indigenous Residential Schools

This chapter looks at Indigenous Residential Schools in the United States and Canada, against the backdrop of Indigenous Residential Schools around the globe. Conditions at the schools were terrible and the students were subject to illness, sexual assault

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Allan Laine Kagedan

The Politics of Othering in the United States and Canada

Allan Laine Kagedan

The Politics of Othering in the United States and Canada

Allan Laine Kagedan Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada

ISBN 978-3-030-52443-2 ISBN 978-3-030-52444-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52444-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Kickstand/E+/Getty Image This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Contents

1

1

Introduction

2

What Attracts People to Othering?

11

3

Erasing a People: Indigenous People and Indigenous Residential Schools

27

4

The Politics of Anti-semitism, 1920–1940

45

5

Wartime Othering: The Enemy Within

69

6

Cold War: Othering on the Home Front

83

7

The Politics of Race in the United States and Canada

105

8

The Maligning of Muslims

125

9

Conclusion

149

Index

161

v

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

In 2016, Americans elected Donald Trump as President. President Trump eschewed a number of traditional Republican policies such as free trade, preferring tariffs to encourage trade concessions by other countries. He argued for a larger government, rather than a smaller government, in the form of more surveillance of the borders and in the homeland to root out illegal migrants. He also appeared to win the support of people who valued an older America, one that had fewer, less influential, minorities. The President’s remarks, tweets, and actions, were seen as negative toward establishment institutions like the media, minority groups, and women. In 2015, and again in 2019, Canadians elected Justin Trudeau as Pr