Erich Neumann and the Western Crisis of Ethics
Erich Neumann’s Depth Psychology and a New Ethic (1949) was written in response to the Holocaust. He endeavored to distill psychological insights from the crisis of the twentieth century. The old Judeo-Christian morality, he argued, represses evil and led
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Avihu Zakai
Jewish Exiles’ Psychological Interpretations of Nazism “Accurate scholarship can Unearth the whole offence From Luther until now That has driven culture mad, Find what occurred at Linz [where Hitler was raised], What huge imago made A psychopathic god: I and the public know What all schoolchildren learn, Those to whom evil is done Do evil in return.” —W. H. Auden, “September 1, 1939”
Avihu Zakai
Jewish Exiles’ Psychological Interpretations of Nazism
Avihu Zakai Department of History The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
ISBN 978-3-030-54069-2 ISBN 978-3-030-54070-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54070-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Cole Carothers / Alamy Stock Photo. Pictured on cover are Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm, Siegfried Kracauer, and Erich Neumann. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
Introduction 1 Wilhelm Reich and the Sexual Roots of Fascism 11 Psychological Inquiry into Totalitarianism: Erich Fromm’s A Escape from Freedom 49 Siegfried Kracauer’s From Caligari to Hitler: Weimar Cinema as Pandora’s Box 71 Erich Neumann and the Western Crisis of Ethics117 Epilogue147 Bibliography155 Index163
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Introduction
Jewish Exiles’ Psychological Interpretations of Nazism examines works of four German-Jewish scholars who, in their places of exile, sought to probe the pathology of the Nazi mind: Wilhelm Reich’s The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933), Erich Fromm’s Escape from Freedom (1941), Siegfried Kracauer’s From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of
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