Erosion dynamics of wet particle agglomerates
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Erosion dynamics of wet particle agglomerates Thanh-Trung Vo1 Received: 11 April 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © OWZ 2020
Abstract We study the erosion dynamics of wet particle agglomerates inside a simple shear flow of noncohesive granular materials by relying on the three-dimensional discrete-element simulations. The simulation model is discretized by assembling of wet and dry spherical particles. By systematically varying different parameters related to the shear flow of dry particles (the shear rate), the wet agglomerates (the amount of the binding liquid in the “pendular” state, the liquid viscosity, and the liquid–vapor surface tension), and the relative dry–wet density as well as the initial position of wet agglomerates, we measure the erosion of these agglomerates on their surface by quantifying the cumulative number of eroded particles. We show that the erosion rate increases proportionally to the inertial number and the height of the agglomerates decreases linearly with the liquid content and the liquid viscosity and decreases nonlinearly with the cohesion index (or liquid–vapor surface tension) for each value of the inertial number, whereas this rate is nearly independent to the relative dry–wet density with a low shear rate. It is worth noting that the normalized erosion rate by the shear rate collapses well on a master curve as a cutoff function of the erosion scaling parameter (combining the inertial number, the cohesion index, and the Stokes number), thus providing clear evidence for the unified description of the material and flow parameters on the erosion of wet agglomerates. Keywords Granular matter · Agglomerate · Capillary force law · Discrete element method · Erosion
1 Introduction Agglomerates or granules of fine solid particles are omnipresent in industrial processes such as the iron-ores making [1–6], the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, the fertilizers, and food industry [7–9], and in nature such as powders and soils due to the addition of a small amount of liquid volume accounts for the capillary bridges between particles [10,11]. The capillary bonds induce the capillary cohesion forces and lubrication forces that affect wet agglomerates [12–14]. The agglomerates may become strong aggregates depending on the liquid–vapor surface tension and the viscosity of the binding liquid [15–17]. When the granular material flows, the wet agglomerates interact with surrounding particles on their surface [12–14,18–24]. These interactions may detach the primary wet particles on the surface of agglomerates by irreElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-020-00357-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Thanh-Trung Vo [email protected] Bridge and Road Department, Danang Architecture University, Da Nang 553000, Vietnam
versibly breaking its capillary bonds [14]. Compared with the external stress on the surface of agglomerates caused by the flow of surrounding particles, the we
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