ESPRIT-Based DOA Estimation with Spatially Spread Long Dipoles and/or Large Loops
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ESPRIT-Based DOA Estimation with Spatially Spread Long Dipoles and/or Large Loops Yuwei Song1 · Guoping Hu1 · Guimei Zheng1
· Binbin Li1
Received: 12 August 2019 / Revised: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The radiation efficiency of short electric dipole and small magnetic loop is low. Therefore, the long electric dipole and large magnetic loop for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation are investigated in this study. A novel array composed of long electric dipole, large magnetic loop, or a hybrid long electric dipole and large magnetic loop is proposed. Then a corresponding algorithm based on ESPRIT is proposed to estimate the two-dimensional (2D) DOA. The proposed array has eight elements. The first four elements and other four elements construct the rotational invariant property. Then, the 2D direction cosine can be estimated accurately but with ambiguity. After that, the ambiguous value is instituted into the spatially spread vector sensor for spatial phase compensation. Then, the steering vector of the collocated orthogonal vector sensor is obtained to calculate a fake coarse DOA estimation. By comparing the above ambiguous fine estimation with the fake coarse estimation, the closest estimation is taken as the finally 2D DOA estimation. The computation of the proposed algorithm is small due to a lack of angle searching. Moreover, the long dipole has high radiation efficiency, and the spatially spread vector sensor has low mutual coupling. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Keywords Long dipoles · Large loops · DOA estimation · Spatially spread polarized sensor
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Guimei Zheng [email protected] Yuwei Song [email protected] Guoping Hu [email protected] Binbin Li [email protected]
1
Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
1 Introduction It is well known that polarization sensitive array has polarization diversity, and thus, improves the estimation accuracy of target’s parameter [24]. Therefore, the estimations of direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters based on a polarization-sensitive array have been extensively studied [18]. The existing results can be summarized as follows: first, various estimation algorithms under the condition of collocated electromagnetic vector sensor are addressed, including vector cross-product algorithm and various classical super-resolution algorithms, such as ESPRIT and MUSIC [1, 7, 12, 14, 17, 25–27]. The vector cross-product algorithm for DOA and polarization estimation is firstly introduced [12]. The angle estimation is obtained by comparing polarization components and trigonometric operation [7, 17]. The ESPRIT algorithm is used to estimate the two dimensional (2D) DOA with a sparse array of electromagnetic vector-sensors [26, 27]. Polynomial rooting [14], maximum likelihood [25], and the MUSIC super-resolution algorithm [1] are developed to estimate
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