Essentials of Constraint Programming

The book is a short, concise and complete presentation of constraint programming and reasoning. The use of constraints had its scientific and commercial breakthrough in the 1990s. Programming with constraints makes it possible to model and solve prob

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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Thorn Friihwirth Slim Abdennadher

Essentials of Constraint Programming With 27 Figures

,

Springer

Authors Thom FrUhwirth Universităt Ulm, Fakultăt fUr Informatik Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89069 Ulm, Germany [email protected] Slim Abdennadher MUnchen, Institut fUr Informatik OettingenstraBe 67,80538 MUnchen, Germany [email protected]

Universităt

Managing Editors Prof. Dov M. Gabbay Augustus De Morgan Professor of Logic Department of Computer Science, King's College London Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK Prof. Dr. JBrg Siekmann Forschungsbereich Deduktions- und Multiagentensysteme, DFKI Stuhlsatzenweg 3, Geb. 43, 66123 SaarbrUcken, Germany Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Friihwirth, Thom, 1962Essentials of constraint programming / Thom Friihwirth, Slim Abdennadher. p. cm. - (Cognitive technologies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08712-7 ISBN 978-3-662-05138-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05138-2 1. Constraint programming (Computer science). 1. Abdennadher, Slim, 1967II. Title. III. Series. QA76.612.F78 2003 005.1'1-dc21

ACM Computing Classification (1998): D.1.3, D.1.6, D.3.1-3, F.3.2, FA.l, G.2.1, I.2.3, I.2.8 ISSN 1611-2482 ISBN 978-3-642-08712-7 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German copyright law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permis sion for use must always be obtained from SpringerVerlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003

The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: KiinkelLopka, Heidelberg Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10770657

45/3142 GF- 543210

Preface

The use of constraints had its scientific and commercial breakthrough in the 1990s. Programming with constraints makes it possible to model and specify problems with uncertain, incomplete information and to solve combinatorial problems, as they are abundant in industry and commerce, such as scheduling, planning, transportation, resource allocation, layout, design, and analysis. This book is a short, concise, and complete presentation of constraint programming and reasoning, covering theoretical foundations, algorithms, implementations, examples, and applications. It is base