Establishing distinctive theories and methods of design science rooted in Chinese traditional culture
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Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG
Establishing distinctive theories and methods of design science rooted in Chinese traditional culture
© The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access at link.springer.com and journal.hep.com.cn
Abstract The human social development saw the formation of five unique civilizations, with the latter forming their own distinctive cultures. China’s traditional culture is its most fundamental ideological weapon for solving problems. The Chinese are good at comprehensive thinking, dialectical thinking, and systematic analysis. These ideological weapons can solve the problems of formal science and technology and create scientific and technological achievements on par with global advanced scale. Ancient China is filled with original scientific and technological achievements, which strongly prove ancient China’s possession of its own science and technology different from that of Western Renaissance. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of science, technology, experience, and intuition is necessary. The long-held superstition regarding the West, the lack of confidence, self-denial, blind imitation of ideas, and shackles must be thrown away. Only then can we take the road toward an authentic Chinese creative design as we learn from others. Keywords traditional Chinese culture, comprehensive thinking, systematic analysis, Needham’s Grand Question, ancient Chinese scientific and technological achievements, design driving innovation, design theoretical thinking, design dialectical methods
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Introduction
The five ancient civilized nations in the world, namely, China, ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, ancient India, and Mesopotamia, formed during the development of human society. Traditional Chinese culture is pregnant with Chinese civilization. Chinese culture has distinct charReceived July 15, 2019; accepted December 3, 2019
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Huijun ZOU ( ), Qinghua LIANG School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail: [email protected]
acteristics, which emphasize integral consciousness and systematic analysis. Guided by these unique ways of thinking, Chinese classical works, such as the I Ching or Yi Jing (Book of Changes), the Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon), the Tao Te Ching, and Confucianism, came into the world 2000 years ago. These philosophical masterpieces containing Chinese characteristics are filled with Chinese philosophy and wisdom and are extensive and profound. Chinese wisdom also contributed to The Art of War––Thirty-Six Stratagems, an ancient book of design science with design philosophy features. Numerous examples of innovative design abound in Chinese classical fictions; the Romance of the Three Kingdoms contains many vivid design cases. Many landmark creative design paradigms emerged in ancient China, such as the Dujiangyan irrigation system and the water-driven astronomical clock tower. From the 3rd century to the 1600s, China has made profound scientific and technological achievements, reaching advanced
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