Estimating eruptive parameters and related uncertainties for pyroclastic density currents deposits: worked examples from
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Estimating eruptive parameters and related uncertainties for pyroclastic density currents deposits: worked examples from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) Raffaello Cioni 1,2 & Alessandro Tadini 1,3,4 Andrea Bevilacqua 3 & Augusto Neri 3
&
Lucia Gurioli 4 & Antonella Bertagnini 3 & Maurizio Mulas 5 &
Received: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # International Association of Volcanology & Chemistry of the Earth's Interior 2020
Abstract The quantification of the maximum runout, invaded area, volume, and total grain-size distribution (TGSD) of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) is a critically important task because such parameters represent the needed necessary input quantities for physical modeling and hazard assessment of PDCs. In this work, new and well-established methods for the quantification of these parameters are applied to a large stratigraphic dataset of three PDC units from two eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius (the AD 79 Pompeii and the AD 472 Pollena eruptions), representative of a large spectrum of transport and depositional processes. Maximum runout and invaded area are defined on the basis of the available volcanological and topographical constraints. The related uncertainties are evaluated with an expert judgment procedure, which considersed the different sectors of the volcano separately. Quite large uncertainty estimates of dispersal area (20–40%) may have important implications in terms of hazard assessment. The testing of different methods for estimating the volume (and mass) of a PDC deposit suggests that integration, over the invaded area, of thickness (and deposit density) data using the triangulated irregular network method can minimize and localize data extrapolation. Such calculations, however, bear an intrinsic additional uncertainty (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit) related to loss or new formation of fine material during transport (at least 10% of the total PDC deposit). Different interpolation methods for TGSD produce multimodal distributions, likely reflecting the different response of each grain size class to transport and deposition processes. These data, when integrated with information on the related co-ignimbrite deposits, can give a more accurate picture of the pyroclastic mixture feeding the current. Keywords Pyroclastic density currents . Somma-Vesuvius . Maximum runout . Volume . Total grain size distribution . Uncertainty quantification
Editorial responsibility: R.J. Brown; Deputy Executive Editor: J. Tadeucci Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01402-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alessandro Tadini [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
2
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Ist. di Geoscienze e Georisorse, SS Firenze, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
3
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Via Cesare Battisti, 53
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