Estimation and analysis of municipal food waste and resource utilization potential in China
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Estimation and analysis of municipal food waste and resource utilization potential in China Yuanyuan Yang 1 & Dingjiang Chen 1,2 & Shanying Hu 1 & Xin Chen 1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With rapid urbanization, municipal food waste (MFW), which is an important part of municipal solid waste, has attracted considerable attention owing to its environmental impact and polluting nature. There has been little research on the quantity and distribution of food waste (FW) produced in China. This study focused on a systematic estimation and analysis of MFW produced in administrative divisions at the prefecture-level and above in China for the first time. From the national level to the prefectural level, with the shrinking of the research units, more intuitive support was obtained for relevant decisions. On the basis of the estimated results, suggestions are provided for proper FW treatment technologies and operational scale of the facilities, and the resource utilization potential has also been estimated. The distribution results indicated that FW characteristics have great variability in the different economic regions of China. Furthermore, it was found that the available FW has a resource utilization potential that is equivalent to 4669.1 million m3 of biogas, 3.6 million tons of biodiesel, and 1.5 million tons of organic fertilizer (dry weight). It is worth mentioning that this amount of biogas can replace 7.5 million tons of standard coal. However, only a small part of the generated MFW can be treated in the existing treatment plants in China. Finally, current key bottlenecks of FW treatment in China have been discussed, and detailed suggestions are presented for further improvement of MFW management. Keywords Generation quantity . Treatment technique . Treatment scale . Cluster analysis . Prefecture-level administrative divisions . Food waste management
Introduction Food waste (FW) represents waste of resources used in the production of food that will not be consumed. The definition of FW is related to food loss, which refers to the decrease in edible food mass in the part of the supply chain that specifically ends at food intended for human consumption. Food losses occurring at the end of the food chain (retail and final Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09989-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dingjiang Chen [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Industrial Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
Institute for Circular Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
consumption) are called “food waste” (Parfitt et al. 2010) Notably, FW is measured only for those products that are intended for human consumption, excluding feed and parts of products that are not edible. It is a serious and well-known fact that o
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