Estimation of indoor air pollutant during photocopy/printing operation: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based study
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Estimation of indoor air pollutant during photocopy/ printing operation: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)based study Abhishek Nandan
. Nihal Anwar Siddiqui . Pankaj Kumar
Received: 8 June 2019 / Accepted: 1 May 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Population form a homeostat with environment where they live and exchange continuous gas for their respiration, which is the primary pathway for the pollutants to enter into human metabolism. The pollution present indoor is due to multiple sources like electronic and electrical equipment, clothes, furniture and other anthropogenic activity. The concentration of these pollutants changes with time and depends mainly on source type (continuous/intermittent), time of the operation and release/ventilation/wind velocity/ pollutant dispersion and anthropogenic activity. It has been observed that equipment like printers, printing machines, photocopiers, etc., releases several pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), semi-volatile organic compounds, benzene (C6H6), toluene and suspended particulate matter during operation. This work represents the emissions of VOCs, benzene, and toluene during photocopy. The numerical validation of results was done using Fluent, which is an application-based software which helps in physical modeling describing air flow and effect of multiple parameter on it like temperature and no of A. Nandan (&) N. A. Siddiqui P. Kumar University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India e-mail: [email protected] N. A. Siddiqui e-mail: [email protected] P. Kumar e-mail: [email protected]
printing/photocopy (in proposed experiment) with respect to time. It has been observed from the results that the emissions of VOCs, benzene, and toluene increase from 0.09 to 1.13 PPM, 0.17 to 1.87 PPM and 30 to 235 PPM, respectively, as the operating duration, temperature (35–40 C) and rate of printing/ photocopying increase (120–200/h), and it is because printer/photocopy machine uses heat and pressure to fix an image on the paper surface which subsequently result in higher emission. Multiple adverse health, safety and environmental impacts due to operation of photocopy/printing call for in-depth study, guidance, and monitoring of the workers occupationally associated with this operation for their well-being. Keywords Indoor air pollution Photocopy operation Occupational health VOC emission
Introduction In recent scenario, one of the most potential environmental issues in the world is air pollution. Approximately seven million people or one out of eight is being killed by this serious hazard worldwide (Clancy et al. 2002). Some of the critical observations suggest that several death, that is, approximately 4.3 million, is due to 2.8 billion people from developing countries who maintain their home temperature warmer by dung
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Environ Geochem Health
burning, wood fire and coal, mixing smoke and pollutants in their living space. According to
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