Estimation of Synthesizing New Superheavy Elements Using Dynamical Model
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NUCLEI Theory
Estimation of Synthesizing New Superheavy Elements Using Dynamical Model Y. Aritomo1)* , S. Amano1) , M. Okubayashi1), B. Yanagi1) , K. Nishio2) , and M. Ohta3) Received December 25, 2019; revised December 25, 2019; accepted December 25, 2019
Abstract—For the success the synthesis of superheavy elements Z > 118, it is indispensable to clarify the fusion–fission mechanism, which includes a role of the nuclear structure of colliding nuclei and the deformation in the fusion process. We develop the dynamical model to estimate the probability to produce new superheavy nuclei. To approach Island of Stability and synthesize new elements, we propose the new idea, which takes advantage of the shell structure in fusion and fission process. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778820040043
1. INTRODUCTION Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy elements using heavy ion collisions have recently been successful in finding several new elements till Z = 118 [1–3], and the known area in the nuclear chart is approaching the “Island of Stability” [4] step by step. For the success the synthesis of superheavy elements, it is indispensable to clarify the fusion– fission mechanism, which is included a role of the nuclear structure of colliding nuclei and the deformation of them in the fusion process. To synthesize new superheavy elements Z > 118, we try to clarify the mechanism of the whole dynamical process and take advantage of the shell structure in fusion process. For this purpose, a large amount of experimental data is available, including the mass and total kinetic energy distribution of fission fragments, excitation function of each cross section, mass–angle distributions and so on. Using such experimental data, we verify the model and establish a reliable model to describe the fusion–fission process. To describe heavy–ion fusion reactions around the Coulomb barrier with an actinide target nucleus, we propose a model which combines the coupled-channels approach and a fluctuation–dissipation model for dynamical calculations. Fusion–fission, quasifission and deep quasifission are separated as different Langevin trajectories on the potential energy surface [5]. Also, we develop the dynamical model to apply the transfer reaction and 1)
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan. 2) Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan. 3) Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-8501, Japan. * E-mail: [email protected]
estimate the probability to produce new superheavy nuclei. We calculate the mass–angle distribution of the fragments in the reactions and investigate the fusion–fission or quasifission process in heavy and superheavy mass region. In this paper, to synthesize new superheavy elements Z > 118 and approach Island of Stability, we discuss three ideas. It is well known that the stability and the decay properties of superheavy nuclei strongly depend on the shell structure. Moreover, it was pointed out that this shell structure also dramatically affects the fusion process [2,
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