Europe as an Idea and an Identity
Heikki Mikkeli charts the history of the idea of Europe and European identity. The first part introduces the various attempts to unify Europe from antiquity to the European Union. In the second part the relationship of Europe with America and Russia is co
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Heikki Mikkeli
EUROPE AS AN IDEA AND AN IDENTITY
Also by Heikki Mikkeli AN ARISTOTELIAN RESPONSE TO RENAISSANCE HUMANISM Jacopo Zabarella on the Nature of Arts and Sciences THE HISTORY OF HYGIENE IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE
Europe as an Idea and an Identity Heikki Mikkeli Junior Research Fellow Academy of Finland University of Helsinki Finland
Consultant Editor: Jo Campling
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-39895-9 ISBN 978-0-333-99541-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333995419 First published in the United States of America 1998 by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-21039-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mikkeli, Heikki. Europe as an idea and an identity / Heikki Mikkeli. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-21039-7 1. Europe—History. 2. Europe—Civilization. 3. Nationalism– –Europe. 4. Europe—Relations. I. Title. D104.M49 1997 940—dc21 97–27133 CIP © Heikki Mikkeli 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-67163-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 07
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Contents vii x
Preface Acknowledgements PART I 1 2
EUROPE AS AN IDEA
The Mythological and Geographical Roots of Europe
3
Christendom and Europe in the Middle Ages
17
The Balance of Power and the Quest for Peace
33
Nationalism, Federalism and the United States of Europe
59
5
A New Hope Emerging: the Interwar Period
91
6
Towards Maastricht: the Realization of the European Union
3 4
PART II 7
109
EUROPEAN IDENTITY
The Border of Expansion: Europe and America
135
8
The Border of Defence: Europe and Russia
157
9
The Question of Central Europe: Europein-Between?
177
The Historical Principles of European Identity
195
11
European Political and Cultural Identities
213
12
Writing European History
235
10
245 257
Bibliography Index v
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Preface This book is about the idea of Europe, and h
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