European Autonomy in Space

The volume provides analyses and evaluations of the continuing importance of Europe’s autonomy in its access to space as a key driver in the development of European space capabilities. From a detailed historical analysis of some of the pitfalls of depende

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Cenan Al-Ekabi Editor

European Autonomy in Space

Studies in Space Policy

Studies in Space Policy Volume 10

Edited by the European Space Policy Institute Director: Peter Hulsroj

Editorial Advisory Board: Herbert Allgeier Frank Asbeck Alvaro Azca´rraga Frances Brown Alain Gaubert Leen Hordijk Peter Jankowitsch Alfredo Roma

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8167

Cenan Al-Ekabi Editor

European Autonomy in Space

Editor Cenan Al-Ekabi ESPI - European Space Policy Institute Vienna Austria

ISSN 1868-5307 ISSN 1868-5315 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-11109-4 ISBN 978-3-319-11110-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11110-0 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014960096 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Tribal or national autonomy has been an issue throughout most of human history. And autonomy is an even bigger issue nowadays because interconnectedness makes it much easier to lose autonomy. In the Middle Ages autonomy was largely a question of being able to resist foreign enemies, since economies were not connected to any significant extent. In our day and age no economy is selfsustaining, not even that of N