European Cohesion? Contradictions in EU Integration

This book addresses the problem of cohesion in the European Union. It examines EU cohesion policies and other policies which significantly reduce the likelihood of cohesion being achieved. It challenges the idea that regional policy is a form of wealth di

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Also by Chris Rumford STATE AID TO INDUSTRY: Turkey and the Customs Union

European Cohesion? Contradictions in EU Integration Chris Rumford Visiting Fellow City University London

First published in Great Britain 2000 by

MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-41647-9 ISBN 978-0-333-98173-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333981733

First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rumford, Chris, 1958– European cohesion? : contradictions in EU integration / Chris Rumford. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. European Union. 2. Regionalism—European Union countries. I. Title JN30 .R86 2000 341.242'2—dc21 99–052070 © Chris Rumford 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 09

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Contents List of Tables

ix

Acknowledgements

x

Preface

xi

1 A Framework for Studying Cohesion 1.1 Aims of the book 1.2 The narrative of cohesion and the narrative of autonomization 1.3 A theoretical framework 1.4 The organization of the book

1 6 10 15

2 Regional Policy and Cohesion 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

The problem of cohesion Disparities within the European Union Structural and cohesion policy The effectiveness of regional policy Sixth Periodic Report on the Social and Economic Situation and Development of Regions in the European Union 2.6 First Cohesion Report 2.7 Regional policy and cohesion

19 22 28 35

47 53 62

3 Trans-European Networks and Cross-Border Projects 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Introduction Trans-European networks Community Initiatives The PHARE programme Cross-border projects and the pre-accession strategy for non-members: the case of Turkey 3.6 The EU’s energy market: competition or cooperation? 3.7 Cross-border projects: European networks or one-way traffic?

vii

74 76 86 88 92 108 120

viii Contents

4 State Aids and the European Union: Competition Policy or Industrial Policy?