Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control Volume 2
Eutrophication continues to be a major global challenge, and the problem of eutrophication and availability of freshwater for human consumption is an essential ecological issue. The global demand for water resources due to increasing population, economic
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Abid A. Ansari • Sarvajeet Singh Gill Editors
Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control Volume 2
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Editors Abid A. Ansari Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
Sarvajeet Singh Gill Stress Physiology & Molecular Biology Laboratory Maharshi Dayanand University Centre for Biotechnology Rohtak India
ISBN 978-94-007-7813-9 ISBN 978-94-007-7814-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7814-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954699 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface.
Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel Prizes—one for Peace and one for Science John F. Kennedy
Water is an indispensable resource and essential life supporting factor. On the hydrological map of the world, eutrophication is one of the great issues causing degradation of these freshwater ecosystems. The excessive nutrient enrichment of waters results in change of oligotrophic water bodies to mesotrophic, eutrophic and finally to hypertrophic. The major nutrient sources for enrichment of aquatic ecosystems are sewage, household detergents, industrial discharges, runoff from agriculture, construction sites
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