Evaluating the Diffuse Runoff from Urban Territories in the Volga Basin: Case Study of Rostov City
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ORATION OF THE VOLGA
Evaluating the Diffuse Runoff from Urban Territories in the Volga Basin: Case Study of Rostov City M. V. Bolgova, E. V. Zav’yalovaa, A. V. Zaitsevaa, *, and N. V. Osipovaa aWater
Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 3, 2020; revised April 13, 2020; accepted April 16, 2020
Abstract—The study is focused on examining and simulating the formation processes of the runoff and pollution export in the case of Rostov (Rostov Velikii), a town in the Volga basin. The diffuse runoff from Rostov territory and its spatial distribution were evaluated for the following components: ammonium, total iron, oil products, sulfates, chlorides, suspended matter, as well as COD and BOD5. The main conclusions and recommendations are based on the authors’ experimental studies and simulation with the use of SWMM software complex (storm water management model), as well as long-term engineering studies of urban conditions in the case of underflooding under various projects. Keywords: urban territories, diffuse pollution, mathematical simulation DOI: 10.1134/S0097807820050036
INTRODUCTION The pollutants that are carried out by diffuse runoff from urban territories constitute a considerable portion of the total amount of pollution reaching water bodies, thus producing an adverse effect on aquatic ecosystems up to their total degradation. In Russia, hydrological processes in natural watersheds are much better known than those in urban territories. Assessing pollutant flows in watersheds becomes more complex under urban conditions because of the radical change in landscapes and a wider uncertainty in pollution sources. The process of diffuse runoff formation from urban territories in the Russian Federation has been studied mostly with the aim to substantiate applied problems. In the practice of collection and treatment of drainage (snowmelt, storm) runoff, engineering methods are applied to evaluate the characteristics of the input of various types of pollutants at the stage of developing the projects of urban construction. The structure and parameters of the relationships between the values of runoff and washout of pollutants and the precipitation onto some urban territories have been studied, for example, in [3–5]. Nowadays, the amounts of pollutants entering water bodies from diffuse sources under the urbanization of territories are calculated with the use of generalized characteristics of pollutant washout by the flow of rain and snowmelt waters. The coefficients and relationships used in such cases are intended for designing treatment facilities and are generally based on a limited volume of observations.
The major studies and projects in Russia regarding diffuse runoff refer to the 1970s–1980s, and their results, from the current viewpoint, require modernization and application of up-to-date approaches, taking into account the existing level of mathematical simulation and the available foreign experience in solving the problems of water resource
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