Evaluating the Efficacy and Social Validity of a Culturally Adapted Training Program for Parents and Service Providers i
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluating the Efficacy and Social Validity of a Culturally Adapted Training Program for Parents and Service Providers in India Maithri Sivaraman 1,2
&
Tara A. Fahmie 3
# Association for Behavior Analysis International 2020
Abstract In regions such as India, where one-to-one behavior-analytic intervention is not easily accessible, parents and service providers may advocate for children with disabilities better if they have foundational training in behavioral approaches to problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a culturally adapted training delivered in an underresourced region of India. Ten parents and professionals from Chennai completed the training, and the researchers evaluated its effects using a multiple-baseline design. Participants showed improvements in correct responses on a structured form designed to capture skills involved in function-based assessment and intervention, as well as the fidelity of implementation of extinction and functional communication training. Moreover, participants rated the acceptability of training highly on measures of social validity. Guidelines for the education of parents and service providers in underresourced areas outside of the United States are discussed. Keywords Cultural adaptations . Function-based treatment . India . Problem behavior . Training manual
For decades, addressing the problem behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities has involved a functional approach to assessment and treatment (Hanley, Iwata, & McCord, 2003; Horner, 1994; Iwata et al., 1994). Functionbased procedures have been replicated, extended, and Research Highlights • The education and training of parents and service providers in managing problem behavior are crucial in regions with few certified professionals. • A manualized training was effective at increasing the written and videotaped implementation of functional assessment and functionbased intervention procedures. • We describe the cultural adaptations made to our training along eight dimensions defined by an existing framework. • We describe guidelines for international dissemination and culturally responsive research based on our results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00489-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maithri Sivaraman [email protected] 1
Tendrils Centre for Autism Research and Intervention, Chennai, India
2
Department of Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
3
California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
discussed across hundreds of studies and have strong empirical support. However, most research on their efficacy and adoption has been developed and conducted in North American settings (e.g., Special Issue on Functional Analysis, 2013). Given the differential outcomes of behavioral interventions across varied ethnic or demographic characteristics (Artiles & Trent, 1994; Sugai, O’Keeffe, &
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