Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy with Ultrasonography
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy with Ultrasonography Yanjuan Wang 1 & Huajie Jiao 1 & Chengrong Mi 1 & Guangfei Yang 1 & Tao Han 1 Received: 24 June 2019 / Accepted: 17 January 2020 # Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2020
Abstract Objectives To determine the reliability of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy in children. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups: Group A: Pre-experiment group: 30 children who were hospitalized for adenoidal hypertrophy were selected, and preoperative ultrasound was used to measure adenoid thickness. Their re-confirmed Adenoid ultrasound measurement thickness was obtained during surgery under the guidance of metal instruments; Group B: Ultrasound screening group: 1898 children aged 3–12 y were selected, and their adenoids were examined by ultrasonography to observe the size, shape, echo and blood flow of adenoids and the thickness of adenoids; Group C: Surgical resection group: 133 hospitalized patients were selected, and their adenoid ultrasound measurement thickness (AUT), the adenoid-nasopharynx (A/N) ratio was calculated based on nasopharyngeal lateral radiographs and obstruction ratio was obtained in electronic nasopharyngoscopy [extent of adenoid-posterior nostril occlusion (EANC)] were compared. Results In Group A, there was no statistical difference in the measurements of the adenoids between the preoperative ultrasound and the ultrasound measurements under the guidance of intraoperative metal instruments (P > 0.05). In Group B, the adenoids of 1898 children aged 3–12 y were measured and were found thickest at 6 y, with an average of 5.035 ± 0.0609 mm. There was no statistical difference in adenoid thickness between boys and girls (P > 0.05). In Group C, there was a linear correlation between AUT and A/N ratio (r = 0.999, P = 0.01) and between AUT and EANC (r = 0.950, P = 0.000). Conclusions In children between 3 and 12 y of age, AUT greater than 6 mm may be considered for surgical resection of adenoid hypertrophy. Keywords Adenoid hypertrophy . Adenoid-nasopharynx (A/N) ratio . Electronic nasopharyngoscopy . Ultrasonography
Introduction Adenoid is a group of lymphoid tissues located at the top of the nasopharyngeal cavity, the base of the sphenoid body and the outside of the occipital slope. There are 4 to 5 longitudinal deep grooves on the surface, and the surface is covered with pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Adenoids exist after birth and proliferate with age. They are the largest at around 6 y of age and gradually degenerate later. Generally, they begin to shrink after 10 y of age, and often disappear after puberty. Adenoid hypertrophy is a common and frequentlyoccurring disease in children, mainly characterized by thickening of the soft tissue in the posterior wall of the
* Yanjuan Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Ultrasound, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
nasopharynx, which has a significant effect on the growth and development of children [1, 2].
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