Evaluation of analytical and numerical solutions of mass transfer model for breakthrough curves simulation: Co 2+ adsorp
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RESEARCH PAPER
Evaluation of analytical and numerical solutions of mass transfer model for breakthrough curves simulation: Co2+ adsorption by hydrogen peroxide‑bio‑originated composite Mohammad Javad Amiri1 · Masoud Noshadi2 Received: 12 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Accurate estimation of breakthrough curve (BTC) is required to scale -up the column adsorption process. A mathematical model (unsteady advection–dispersion–diffusion–adsorption equation) was solved analytically and numerically to simulate the dynamic adsorption of Co(II) ions on hydrogen peroxide-modified bone waste. The performance of both analytical and numerical approaches was evaluated under varying initial Co(II) concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg L−1), bed heights (3, 6 and 9 cm), flow rates (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL min−1), and pH (2, 4, 6, 8). Both analytical (R2 = 0.990) and numerical (R2 = 0.993) approaches described the experimental data well. The comparison results indicate that in spite of the capability of the analytical modeling for predicting the BTC (NRMSE = 9.32%), numerical modeling is more efficient in the simulation of Co(II) adsorption by adsorbent (NRMSE = 7.56%). So, it can be concluded that analytical modeling can be an easy and quick alternative to numerical modeling for predicting BTC with acceptable accuracy. Keywords Adsorption · Mathematical model · Advection–dispersion–diffusion–adsorption
Introduction Cobalt is the thirty-third most abundant element, which both natural and anthropogenic sources contributing to its emission in the atmosphere, soil, surface water and groundwater [1]. Wind-blown dust, volcanic activities and forest fires are the major recognized natural sources, whereas burning of fossil fuels, cobalt-containing fertilizers, sewage sludge, and mining are the main identified anthropogenic sources [2]. The allowable concentration level of Co2+ in drinking water, irrigation water, and livestock wastewater are 0.002, 0.05 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02379-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohammad Javad Amiri [email protected] Masoud Noshadi [email protected] 1
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, 74616‑86131 Fasa, Iran
Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71365 Shiraz, Iran
2
and 1 mg L −1, respectively, as set by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [3]. In the last decade, the bio-apatite-based adsorbents as eco-friendly and versatile materials have been successfully used to remove a wide variety of inorganic [4–7] and organic [8, 9] contaminants. In Iran, as the second-biggest producer of ostrich meat in the world after South Africa, over 3.6 million kilograms of bone is generated which can be used as a resource for bio-apatite-based materials for environmental remediation [10]. In the recent 8 yea
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