Evaluation of arsenic sorption performance using dendritic anatase and polycrystalline rutile nano-TiO 2 for environment
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evaluation of arsenic sorption performance using dendritic anatase and polycrystalline rutile nano‑TiO2 for environmental applications S. Yin1 · C.‑L. Cheng2,3 · J. Parsons2,4 · Y. Mao5 · J. J. Kang2 · J. Kim3 Received: 3 September 2019 / Revised: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Two synthetic nano-TiO2-based materials, aggregated dendritic anatase nano-TiO2 and polycrystalline rutile nano-TiO2 attached to the surface of SiO2, were analyzed and compared for geo-environmental engineering applications. Characterization of crystal structure, purity, and morphologic, microscopic features of the materials were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Arsenic removal rates/efficiencies were compared between the two materials in different settings for laboratory batch experiment. The adsorption curve on arsenic was obtained. Subsequently, different concentrations of arsenic solutions were injected in batches at different flow rates 0.67, 0.83, 1.00, 1.25, 1.67, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 ml/min to simulate field conditions. Results show that both of TiO2-based materials demonstrate outstanding capabilities for arsenic removal. Removal rates are 83% (± 0.025) and 95% (± 0.024) for aggregated TiO2, while 82% (± 0.031) for 93% (± 0.013) for attached T iO2. Results suggest that attached form of T iO2 is more effective for arsenic removal under fast groundwater flow condition, while aggregated form TiO2 can be suitable for high arsenic concentration and low water flow rate. Both materials are considered cost-effective as both can be recovered and reused after regeneration process. Keywords Field remediation · Sorption · Engineered permeable porous media · Flow rate · Arsenic
Introduction The importance of water and its scarcity cannot be underestimated in the increasing influence of climate change. Freshwater resources, which only accounts for less than 3% of the total water sources on the earth, support ecosystem and many human activities (Gleick 1993). However, many Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour. * S. Yin [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas – El Paso, El Paso, USA
2
School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas – RGV, Edinburg, USA
3
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas – RGV, Edinburg, USA
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Texas – RGV, Edinburg, USA
5
Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA
countries and regions around the world are suffering from a lack of clean water supplies and many health problems associated with it (Oki and Kanae 2006). According to the latest United Nation report, approximately half the global population are already living in potential water shortage areas, while the corresponding number of the population is still increasing (UNESCO 2018). Groundwater is now viewed as an essential water supply to
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