Evaluation of Carbon Partitioning in New Generation of Quench and Partitioning (Q&P) Steels
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N ARIZA is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Sa˜o Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2463, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil and also with the Mechanical Technology Program, Technological University of Pereira, Cra. 27 No. 10-02, Barrio A´lamos, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. JONATHAN POPLAWSKY and WEI GUO are with the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge-TN 37831-6064. KINGA UNOCIC is with the Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge-TN 37831-6139. ANTONIO J. RAMIREZ is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus-OH, 43221. ANDRE´ P. TSCHIPTSCHIN is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Sa˜o Paulo. SUDARSANAM SURESH BABU, is with the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleTN, 37996-2210. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/dow nloads/doe-public-access-plan). Manuscript submitted January, 20 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
I.
INTRODUCTION
CARBON in retained austenite is considered to be the chemical element that controls its stability at room temperature and the plasticity of the material, especially in low-alloy steels.[1] However, in transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, research has shown that the stability of the retained austenite is affected not only by the carbon[2,3] or manganese content,[4,5] but also by its distribution, morphology, and grain size.[6,7] The constraints imposed by the phases surrounding the austenitic phase,[8] and the austenite crystallographic orientation, in relation to the loading direction (Schmid factor), also influences the stability of retained austenite.[9,10] With regard to the dependence of the austenite grain morphology on the carbon content of retained austenite, there is a notable discrepancy in the literature. Some authors report that austenite in the form of films has a higher carbon content,[11–13] while others assert the opposite, that austenite in the form of blocks has shown a higher carbon content.[14,15] However, all these authors concur that austenite retained in the form of films is more stable against mechanical deformation, even when having a lower carbon content. This behavior is mainly associated with the greater n
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