Evaluation of drying and anatomical characteristics of Mongolian oak lumber by kiln drying with respect to storage time
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ORIGINAL
Evaluation of drying and anatomical characteristics of Mongolian oak lumber by kiln drying with respect to storage time after sawing Yoon‑Seong Chang1 · Yeonjung Han1 · Hyun‑Kyeong Shin1 · Min‑Ji Kim1 Received: 15 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wood drying is the most time- and energy-consuming process in the wood industry. Without proper optimization of the drying process, an attempt to reduce drying time and energy by accelerating the drying rate might easily result in the creation of various defects within the kiln-dried lumber. To overcome this susceptibility, the drying and anatomical characteristics of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) lumber (thickness 30 mm × width 100 mm × length 1900 mm) were investigated in this study. To evaluate the effects of kiln drying, shrinkage and color difference (ΔE) were measured along with warping behavior such as cupping, bowing, crooking and twisting. The formation of tyloses was observed microscopically between one and six months after sawing. To develop value-added products from domestic oaks, the yield rate from standing tree to the flooring board was calculated. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the present value of commercial oak timber in Korea can be improved by the application of an efficient production plan.
1 Introduction Along with the pine trees, oak trees are widely distributed on the Korean Peninsula, and most of them are natural or secondary forest. According to the 2017 statistics of the Korea Forest Service (Korea Forest Service 2018), the area of broadleaved and mixed forest accounted for about 3.7 million ha (61%). However, in comparison to the amount of studies on coniferous forest management and utilization, there is insufficient research on oak and other broadleaved trees. Oak wood has been used in Korea for various lowvalue purposes such as bed log, wood chip, and firewood. The 2017 statistics of the Korea Forest Service indicate that the annual production of domestic roundwood was 4.5 million m3. Hardwoods accounted for 28% of this roundwood production, with about 80% being the Quercus species, which were mainly used for wood chips (50%) and mediumdensity fiberboard (MDF, 26%), with only 6% being used for sawn timber. There is therefore an urgent need to develop a utilization technology to enhance the value of domestic oak wood products. Moreover, unlike the European and American varieties, Korean oak trees grow slowly in poorly * Yoon‑Seong Chang [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
managed forests, with many of them germinating from root or stump suckers (sprout forest), resulting in small-diameter trees with numerous defects (e.g. discoloration, insect damage) and susceptibility to drying defects. The need for shorter drying processes with increasingly higher drying quality makes the conditioning phase especially significant (Diawanich et al. 2010). Defects generated durin
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