Evaluation of retinal vessel quantity within individual retinal structural layers using optical coherence tomography ang
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Evaluation of retinal vessel quantity within individual retinal structural layers using optical coherence tomography angiography Karntida Chanwimol 1,2,3 & Takao Hirano 1,3,4 & Alex Bedolla 1 & Tudor Tepelus 1 & Wongsiri Taweebanjongsin 1,2,3 & Kenneth M. Marion 1 & Srinivas Sadda 1,3 Received: 22 August 2019 / Revised: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To evaluate retinal vessel quantity within various retinal structural layers using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this IRB-approved study, 22 normal eyes (from 22 subjects) were imaged using the Spectralis OCT2, with a 15 × 15 degree OCTA scan centered on fovea and two additional 15 × 5 degree OCTA scans, displaced temporally and nasally by 15 degrees along the fovea-Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) axis. Following projection artifact removal (PAR), vessel quantity (i.e., amount of flow signal) within each retinal nuclear and plexiform layer was assessed across the scan and was plotted as a vessel quantity profile over this fovea-BMO axis. Vessel quantity was correlated against the retinal layer thickness at the corresponding locations using the Spearman correlation. Results For the nerve fiber layer (NFL), the vessel quantity was highest nasally and declined towards the fovea and was near zero temporal to the fovea with or without PAR. For all other retinal layers, the retinal vessel quantities were greatest in the parafoveal retina, peaking approximately 5 degrees from the foveal center. Before PAR, the parafoveal vessel quantity was highest in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Following PAR, the vessel quantity in the IPL decreased but was relatively unchanged in the other layers. The vessel quantity correlated moderately well with retinal layer thickness (r = 0.432 to 0.511; P < 0.05 among the various layers). Conclusions Retinal vessel quantity varies significantly among the various structural layers, with significant regional variability. Projection artifact can significantly impact retinal vessel quantity in the deeper layers, but the effect appears to be most pronounced in the IPL. Keywords OCTA vessel quantity by retinal layer . Optical coherence tomography angiography . Retinal structural layers . Evaluation of retinal vessel
Introduction Fluorescein angiography has served as the gold standard for study of the retinal microcirculation for the past several * Srinivas Sadda [email protected] 1
Doheny Eye Institute, 1355 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Mettapracharak Hospital, Nakornpathom, Thailand
3
Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
4
Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
decades. An important limitation of fluorescein angiography is the need to perform an intravenous dye injection which may be associated, albeit rarely, with serious adverse drug reactions [1]. In contrast, o
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