Evaluation of the effect of fasting on intraocular pressure, anterior segment parameters and density of crystalline lens

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Evaluation of the effect of fasting on intraocular pressure, anterior segment parameters and density of crystalline lens and cornea Abdullah Beyog˘lu

. Yalcin Karakucuk . Ays¸ egu¨l C¸o¨mez

Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 20 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of fasting on anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume and corneal and lens density by Scheimpflug technology and to measure intraocular pressure changes. Methods Totals of 50 healthy fasting individuals in Ramadan (study group) and 50 healthy non-fasting subjects (control group) were included. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), corneal density (CD) and lens density (LD) were evaluated with Scheimpflug technology. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with applanation tonometry. Both eyes of each participant were examined and also compared. Results Comparison of groups: There was a statistically significant difference between CD, ACD, ACV and IOP (respectively, right/left eye: fasting: CD: 12.81 ± 0.76/12.73 ± 0.73; ACD: 2.92 ± 0.37 mm/ 2.93 ± 0.37 mm; ACV: 168.3 ± 41.82 mm3/ 3 183.34 ± 32.46 mm ; IOP: 13.80 ± 1.22 mmHg/ 14.88 ± 2.73 mmHg; non-fasting: CD: 13.28 ± 1.01/13.17 ± 0.77; ACD: 3.06 ± 0.31 mm/

3.07 ± 0.31 mm; ACV: 167.46 ± 42.92 mm3/ 3 180.68 ± 31.45 mm ; IOP: 13.60 ± 1.65 mmHg/ 14.74 ± 2.93 mmHg) values on the right side (p \ 0.01, p = 0.03, p = 0.04, p = 0.01, respectively). Although there was a statistically significant difference between the ACV, CD and IOP values on the left side (p \ 0.01, p = 0.03, p = 0.01, respectively), no statistical significance was found for the ACV value on the left side (p = 0.08). Conclusion The results demonstrated that, while fasting did not lead to any change in LD and CCT, it caused a small decrease in ACD and ACV, and a significant decrease in CD and IOP values. Scheimpflug technology seems to be a valuable tool for the evaluation of anterior segment changes in patients who are fasting. Keywords Scheimpflug technology  Fasting  Dehydration  Corneal density  Lens density  I˙ntraocular pressure

Introduction A. Beyog˘lu (&)  A. C¸o¨mez Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Y. Karakucuk Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

Religious fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan entails no food or drink consumption from sunrise to sunset [1]. The amount of food and fluid intake during this month shows significant variations according to the season in which it falls, the

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geographical region and the period of time without food and drink during the day. Adults who are fasting throughout this month can eat after sunset and before sunrise. To be able to tolerate the effects of hunger and dehydration, those who are fasting deliberately eat and drink more at the meal immediately before sunri