Evaluation of the Persistence of Linalool and Estragole in Maize Grains via Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Ga
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Evaluation of the Persistence of Linalool and Estragole in Maize Grains via Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography Eridiane da Silva Moura 1 & Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni 1 & Alessandra Aparecida Zinato Rodrigues 1 & Fernanda Fernandes Heleno 1 & Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz 2 & Ailyn de Oliveira Vilela 1 Received: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of bioinsecticides such as essential oils has been effectively evaluated in recent years for pest insect control. However, few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. The aim of this study was to optimize and validate a fast, effective, and safe method for extracting residues of linalool and estragole (main components of basil essential oil) from maize grains and to evaluate the persistence of these compounds in the grains. The headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with a flame-ionization detector (HS-SPME-GC/FID) was optimized by employing a central composite factorial design, in which the best conditions for the extraction were achieved by using a 4-min fiber exposure and an extraction temperature of 30 °C. The performance of the method was assessed by studying the selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.045 and 0.15 μg kg−1, for linalool, and 0.054 and 0.18 μg kg−1, for estragole, respectively. The determination coefficients (R2) of the calibration curves were greater than 0.99. The relative recovery of the compounds ranged from 76.0 to 103.7%, with a coefficient of variation under 14%. The proposed analytical method was successfully applied to assess the persistence of linalool and estragole in treated maize grains. After 48 h, no residue was detected in the samples, demonstrating that these compounds have low persistence and can be safely used as bioinsecticides in maize grains. Keywords Zea mays L . Stored products . Bioinsecticides . Volatile compounds . HS-SPME-GC/FID . Method validation
Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop of the world belonging to the Poaceae family (Rouf Shan et al. 2016). Most of the maize crop is used for animal feed, but the grains are also processed into a huge variety of food and industrial products, including cereals, sweeteners, cooking oil, beverages, industrial alcohol, and ethanol fuel (Capehart 2019). A large number of pest insects are associated with losses during the cultivation and storage of cereals like maize. Thus, the main tactic for
* Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
2
Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
prevention and contro
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