Eversion of fulminant hepatic necrosis and encephalopathy with ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) in winstar rats
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125 Hellenic Journal of Surgery 2010; 82: 2
Eversion of Fulminant Hepatic Necrosis and Encephalopathy with Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) in Winstar Rats Epxerimental Study D. Kiassos, S. Papadopoulos, E. Chatzigiannakis, E. Agapitos, S. Theocharis Received 10/11/2009 Accepted 19/01/2010
Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ammonium chloride in experimentally induced toxic hepatitis. Methods: Thirty-two winstar rats were administered 400mg/kgr TAA (hepatotoxic thioacetamide) at three consecutive time intervals of 24 hours to induce hepatic necrosis and encephalopathy. The thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: Group I (control group) to which 0.9% NaCl was given as a placebo treatment regimen, and Groups II, III and IV to which 300mg/kg of NH4Cl, 600mg/kg of NH4Cl and 900mg/kg of NH4Cl was administered respectively. Results: Compared to the other groups, group III presented greater improvement in the biochemical, immune-biological and histological indexes. The same also applied for hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion: The administration of NH4Cl potentially decreases experimentally-induced hepatic injury and accelerates liver regeneration due to its multistep effect on liver function.
of TAA at a dosage of 400 mg/Kg of body weight (b.w.), at three consecutive time intervals of 24 h. [2, 3]. Controls (group 1) were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 0.9% NaCl. Two hours after the second and third TAA injection, groups II, III and IV respectively received ammonium chloride, per os, diluted in distilled water at doses of 300, 600 and 900 mg/Kg of b.w. Supportive therapy by subcutaneous administration of 5% dextrose (25mL/Kg of b.w.) and 0.9% NaCl with potassium (20meq/L) was administered to all groups every 12 h to avoid weight loss, hypoglycemia and renal failure (Table 1) [4]. Table 1 Treatment regimens Group I (control) n=8
Group II n=8
Group III n=8
Group IV n=8
400mg/kg TAA at three 24 hour time periods 0.9% Nacl
300mg/kg NH4Cl
600mg/kg NH4Cl
900mg/kg NH4Cl
5% dextrose (25mL/Kg) and 0.9% NaCl with potassium (20 meq/L) / 12 h
Keywords
Hepatic necrosis, Encephalopathy, NH4Cl
Materials and Methods Induction of Acute Hepatic Failure. This study involved thirty-two (32) adult male Wistar rats (Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece), each weighing 220-270g, which were divided into four groups of eight rats. They all had free access to Purina chow and water, were kept in an air-conditioned room at 210C with a 12h day/ night cycle, and were handled in accordance with the National Institutes of Health instructions for the care and use of laboratory animals [1]. For the induction of acute hepatic failure (AHF), all 4 groups were given intraperitoneal injections
Department of Pathology Medical School University of Athens, Greece e-mail: [email protected]
During and after the experiment, 17 rats died in total; namely, 6 rats from group 1, 5 from group II, 2 from group III and 4 from group IV. The surviving animals were neurologically examined and sacrif
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