Evidence for Neurosurgery Effective Procedures and Treatment
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Evidence for Neurosurgery
Ronald H. M. A. Bartels Maroeska M. Rovers • Gert P. Westert Editors
Evidence for Neurosurgery Effective Procedures and Treatment
Editors Ronald H. M. A. Bartels Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
Maroeska M. Rovers Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
Gert P. Westert Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
ISBN 978-3-030-16322-8 ISBN 978-3-030-16323-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16323-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Evidence-based medicine, evidence-based surgery, or evidence-based neurosurgery is about solving clinical problems. In particular, evidence-based neurosurgery provides tools for using the medical literature to determine the benefits and risks of patient management strategies and to weigh these benefits and risks in the context of an individual patient’s experiences, values, and preferences. The term evidence- based medicine first appeared in the literature in 1991; it rapidly became a buzzword or, better, a ticket of entry to high-quality medicine. In fact, EBM involve informed and effective use of all types of evidence. Not everything in neurosurgery can be studied with randomized trials, as many diseases have a low incidence, such that well-done cohort studies are going to be the highest level of evidence available on which to base our treatment decisions. Since the beginning of neurosurgery as a medical specialty, it has been characterized as a very innovative and practical specialism. Conquering the surgical challenges due to the extreme susceptibility of the nervous system was and stil
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