Evolution of lacustrine basin in relation to variation in palaeowater depth and delta development: Neogene Bohai Bay Bas

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Evolution of lacustrine basin in relation to variation in palaeowater depth and delta development: Neogene Bohai Bay Basin, Huanghekou area, northern China Hao Liu 1 & Chunchen Zhao 2 & Yongtao Ju 3 & Xinhuai Zhou 4

Received: 9 August 2016 / Accepted: 19 September 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016

Abstract This paper presents revision of the Neogene chronostratigraphic framework of the Huanghekou area in the Bohai Bay Basin, northern China, on the basis of integration of palaeomagnetic data and Neogene seismic stratigraphy. The modern Lake Dongting was selected for analyses of bottom sediments, water depth and elemental composition. Four elements, namely Al, V, Ni and Ga with R2 value larger than 0.7, were chosen to establish a quantitative relationship (FP) between elemental composition and water depth of bottom sediments. A water depth of ~2.4 m was identified as an accumulation depth of Candoniella albicans, which is used to derive environmental variable (Φ) of formula FP. Candoniella albicans is also found within the Neogene well W10 in the Huanghekou area. Considering 2.4 m as D value in formula Fp and measured element values at different depths of W10, Φ values were obtained at different depths. The quantitative palaeowater depths of each drilling well were estimated for the first time in this area by considering elemental composition of chip samples of four drilling wells in the Huanghekou area, which are directly iterated to the FF. Palaeowater depth reconstruction of the Neogene in the Huanghekou area indicates an initial deepening trend and a later shallowing trend

* Hao Liu [email protected]; [email protected]

1

School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China

2

Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, People’s Republic of China

3

School of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, People’s Republic of China

4

China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd., Tianjin Branch, Tianjin 300452, People’s Republic of China

during the evolution, with average and deepest bathymetry at ~2.3 and ~4.8 m, respectively. Frequent fluctuations of palaeowater depth control the sand dispersal pattern in a shallow delta during the lower part of the Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation. Keywords Palaeowater depth reconstruction . Bohai Bay Basin . China . Palaeomagnetic dating . Neogene . Lacustrine basin . Ostracoda . Shallow water

Introduction The introduction of sequence stratigraphy advanced research on sea-level fluctuations (e.g. Pinous et al. 1999; Miller and Eriksson 2000; Smith and Jacobi 2001; Andrew et al. 2002). Studies on sea level are far more than passive continental margin basin. Other types including foreland basin have been studied widely. Simultaneously, originally qualitative description of sea level is transferred to semi-quantitative research (Vail et al. 1977; Haq et al. 1987; Haq and Schutter 2008; Algeo and Seslavinsky