Evolutionary Principles of the Mammalian Middle Ear

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Prof. Dr. A. BRODAL, Universitetet i Oslo, Anatomisk Institutt, Karl Johans Gate 47 (Domus Media), Oslo 1 / Norwegen Prof. W. HILD, Department of Anatomy, Medical Branch, The University of Texas, Galveston, Texas 77550/USA Prof. Dr. J. van LIMBORGH, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Anatomisch-Embryologisch Laboratorium, Mauritskade 61, Amsterdam-O/Holland Prof. Dr. R. ORTMANN, Anatomisches Institut der Universitat, Lindenburg, D-5000 Koln-Lindenthai Prof. Dr. T. H. SCHIEBLER, Anatomisches Institut der Universitat, KoellikerstraBe 6, D-S700 Wiirzburg , Prof. Dr. G. TC>NDURY, Direktion der Anatomie, GloriastraBe 19, CH-S006 Ziirich/Schweiz Prof. Dr. E. WOLFF, Lab. d'Embryologie Experimentale, College de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75005 Paris/Frankreich

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte Revues d'anatomie et de morphologie experimentale

Vol. 55 . Fasc. 5

Editors: A. Brodal, Oslo' W. Hild, Galveston' J. van Limborgh, Amsterdam' R. Ortmann, KOln . T.H. Schiebler, Wurzburg . G. Tondury, Zurich· E. Wolff, Paris

Gerald Fleischer

Evolutionary Principles of the Mammalian Middle Ear With 25 Figures

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978

Dr. Gerald Fleischer, c/o Umweltbundesamt, Bismarckplatz 1, D-1000 Berlin 33

Habilitations-Schrift at the School of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany

ISBN-13: 978-3-540-09140-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-67143-2

e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67143-2

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publishers, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publishers © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978 The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, ist not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone Composition, printing and binding: H. Stiirtz AG, Universitatsdruckerei, Wiirzburg 2121/3321-543210

Contents

Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

6

1. Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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2. The Ancestral Middle Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ,

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3. Hearing Organ and Skull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. Volume of the Middle Ear Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 15 5. Tympanic Membrane and Tympanic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 21 6. Malleus-Incus Complex . . . . . . . . .