Examining Human Factors Challenges of Sustainable Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) represent a significant instrument for improving task efficiency and effectiveness across numerous industries and operational environments. However, concern has grown regarding potentially irresponsible operation and
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Abstract Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) represent a significant instrument for improving task efficiency and effectiveness across numerous industries and operational environments. However, concern has grown regarding potentially irresponsible operation and public apprehension to potential privacy loss. These concerns, combined with unique sUAS human factors challenges, may lead to unwanted and dangerous results, including reduction of safety, property damage, and loss of life. Such challenges include lack of command, control, and communication (C3) standardization; detection, tracking, and managing operations; and human perceptual and cognitive issues. Issues and concerns could be significant barriers to permitting routine and sustainable operations in the National Airspace System (NAS), but by closely examining these factors may be possible to devise strategies to better support future application. This exploratory study seeks to provide a review of relevant exigent literature as well as condense findings into sets of recommendations and guidelines for human factors in sUAS adoption and use.
Keywords Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) Command, control, and communication (C3) Human-machine interface (HMI) UAS human factors
C.R. Balog (&) B.A. Terwilliger D.A. Vincenzi D.C. Ison Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide Campus, Daytona Beach, FL, USA e-mail: [email protected] B.A. Terwilliger e-mail: [email protected] D.A. Vincenzi e-mail: [email protected] D.C. Ison e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 P. Savage-Knepshield and J. Chen (eds.), Advances in Human Factors in Robots and Unmanned Systems, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 499, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41959-6_6
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1 Introduction Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) represent a significant instrument for improving efficiency and effectiveness of task performance in a variety of industries and operational environments. However, concern regarding potentially irresponsible operation, including disregard for federal and local regulations, laws, and guidance governing their safe use, is growing [1–3]. In addition, there has been significant public apprehension to potential personal privacy loss during sUAS operations [4–6]. These concerns, combined with unique sUAS human factors challenges, present situations that may lead to unwanted and dangerous results, including reduction of safety, property damage, and loss of life. Such challenges include lack of command, control, and communication (C3) standardization [7]; detecting, tracking, and managing operations in permissible airspace (B-E, and G) [8]; and human perceptual and cognitive issues [9]. These challenges could be significant barriers to permitting routine and sustainable unmanned aircraft operations in the National Airspace System (NAS), beyond requirements already specified in existing and proposed regulations for operation and certification of sUAS. By closely examining these i
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