Examining land surface phenology in the tropical moist forest eco-zone of South America
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Examining land surface phenology in the tropical moist forest eco-zone of South America Boyi Liang 1,2 & Xiaoqiu Chen 1
&
Weiguang Lang 1 & Guohua Liu 1 & Yadvinder Malhi 2 & Sami Rifai 2
Received: 27 December 2019 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 # ISB 2020
Abstract Using leaf area index (LAI) data from 1981 to 2014 in the tropical moist forest eco-zone of South America, we extracted start (SOS) and end (EOS) dates of the active growing season in forest and savanna at each pixel. Then, we detected spatiotemporal characteristics of SOS and EOS in the two vegetation types. Moreover, we analyzed relationships between interannual variations of SOS/EOS and climatic factors, and simulated SOS/EOS time series based on preceding mean air temperature and accumulated rainfall. Results show that mean SOS and EOS ranged from 260 to 330 day of year (DOY) and from 150 to 260 DOY across the study region, respectively. From 1981 to 2014, SOS advancement is more extensive than SOS delay, while EOS advancement and delay are similarly extensive. For most pixels of forest and savanna in tropical moist forest eco-zone, preceding rainfall correlates predominantly negatively with SOS but positively with EOS, while the relationship between preceding temperature and phenophases is location-specific. In addition, preceding rainfall is more extensive than preceding temperature in simulating SOS, while both preceding rainfall and temperature play an important role for simulating EOS. This study highlights the reliability of using LAI data for long-term phenological analysis in the tropical moist forest eco-zone. Keywords Tropical land surface phenology . Leaf area index . Linear trend . Statistical modeling . Rainfall and temperature
Introduction Plant phenology is the study of the timing (and quantity) of annually recurring plant growth and reproductive phenomena, as well as the drivers of these events associated with endogenous and exogenous forces (Chen et al. 2017). Plant phenological variation is highly sensitive to climatic variation and has strong feedbacks on global carbon cycles and climate change (Piao et al. 2008; Richardson et al. 2013). Therefore, phenology has emerged recently as an important focus for ecological research (Piao et al. 2006). Forests cover about 31% of the global land area (4000 M ha), in which 44% of the global forest area is
* Xiaoqiu Chen [email protected] 1
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
2
Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
distributed in tropics (Keenan et al. 2015). As tropical forests constitute about 40% of the terrestrial phytomass (FAO 1993), a small variation in this biome may result in a significant change of the global carbon cycle (Phillips et al. 1998; Malhi et al. 2014; Brinck et al. 2017). Vegetation phenology is a key
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