Experience with Unglazed Solar Collectors in District Heating Systems
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R UNITS AND THEIR APPLICATION
Experience with Unglazed Solar Collectors in District Heating Systems E. A. Buzoverova, * and M. V. Isaevb aJoint
Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412 Russia bOOO Expert Energo, Krasnogorsk, Moscow oblast, 143404 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 27, 2019; revised March 16, 2020; accepted April 3, 2020
Abstract—Over the past decade, the solar industry in Russia has been rapidly developing, and its technical means have become cheaper. The effort of general engineering has been focused on the technology of photovoltaic converters; its commercial indicators and implementation level now prevail over that of liquid solar collectors. In some cases, however, solar collectors can still be cost-effective, e.g., if the consumer does not have alternative low-cost energy sources, such as natural gas or low-cost electricity from a centralized supply system. Nevertheless, some applications can be identified where they will be proved competitive and economically viable even within centralized energy supply systems. This paper discusses an example of efficient implementation of unglazed solar collectors mounted on the roof of central heat supply gas stations for pre-heating cold water in the city of Gelendzhik, Krasnodar krai. The low cost of generated heat, 0.005 USD (kWh)–1 with the cost of solar collectors being 107 USD m–2, is ensured by the simplicity of the chosen system design. The payback period was less than 3 years. The experience of using unglazed solar collectors in a district heating system of Gelendzhik has proved to be successful and can be recommended for distribution under similar climate conditions. Keywords: renewable energy resources, solar industry, solar heating system, heat energy, cost efficiency, Krasnodar krai, Gelendzhik, Gazprom Teploenergo DOI: 10.3103/S0003701X20040064
INTRODUCTION The rate of increase in the production of heat and electric energy using renewable energy sources reaches 1–14% per year [1], their share in the total production is estimated at no less than 10%, and in some countries, above 60% [2]. It is assumed that by 2050 most of the greatest economically developed countries will abandon the use of fossil fuels [3]. It can be concluded that the use of renewable energy sources, in particular, the energy of the Sun, in the near future may become the main direction of development of world energy. The domestic school of solar energy has more than a century of history, production facilities of the USSR and then Russia, are successfully used in the industry, their relevance in terms of quality and price indicators remains [4–6]. Solar energy input in some regions of Russia is not lower than in European countries, including Germany and Austria, where solar installations are widely used [7]. The availability of free space for the construction of solar installations and the success in the development of modern materials also suggest the prospects for the development of this direction in Russia [8].
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