Experimental and analytical analysis of pretensioned inverted T-beam with circular web openings
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Experimental and analytical analysis of pretensioned inverted T-beam with circular web openings Hock Tian Cheng Æ Bashar S. Mohammed Æ Kamal Nasharuddin Mustapha
Received: 19 August 2008 / Accepted: 12 February 2009 / Published online: 3 March 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2009
Abstract This paper presents the results of a research project aimed at providing standard circular web openings to the popular precast pretensioned inverted T-beam. The main advantage of these openings is that mechanical equipment can pass through the webs of inverted T-beams. Another advantage is a slight reduction in inverted T-beams weight that would improve the demand on the supporting frame both under gravity loading and seismic excitation. Opening size and placement and required materials strengths were investigated. Also, the effects of using straight tendons, rather than two-point depression and onepoint depression, of the prestressing strands were investigated. In this paper the nonlinear analysis and design of simply supported pre-tensioned inverted Tbeam with circular web openings are presented. Two
H. T. Cheng (&) Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Karung Berkunci 12, 25000 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
design parameters are varied such as: opening location and numbers of openings. The results from a nonlinear finite element analysis are substantiated by test results from five pretensioned inverted T-beam with web opening and one solid beam. Good agreement is shown between the theoretical and the experimental results. The effect of openings on the behavior of such beams at different stages of loading is presented. The test results obtained from this investigation show that the performance of the specimens with web openings was almost identical to that of the specimen without web openings. A simple design method for estimating the cracking load for the different crack patterns is proposed. Based on these tests, design recommendations are made that will allow the addition of web openings to inverted T-beam with minimal additional calculation. Keywords Prestressed concrete Inverted T Beam Web opening
1 Introduction B. S. Mohammed K. N. Mustapha Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University Tenaga National, KM7, Jalan Kajang-Puchong, 43009 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia B. S. Mohammed e-mail: [email protected] K. N. Mustapha e-mail: [email protected]
Utility requirement may make it desirable to use openings in the pretensoned inverted T-beams. However, introducing an opening into the web of a prestressed concrete beam reduces stiffness and leads to more complicated behavior. Therefore, the effect of openings on strength and service ability must be considered in the design process. Numerous
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investigations (Mansur et al. 1991; Mansur 1988) have been carried out on reinforced concrete beams with opening. The first published work on prestressed beam with web openings was conducted by researchers (Regan and Warwaruk 1
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