Experimental and numerical analysis of the residual stress distribution in a three-point bending test of a TRIP sheet by
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(2020) 42:544
TECHNICAL PAPER
Experimental and numerical analysis of the residual stress distribution in a three‑point bending test of a TRIP sheet by using ESPI Alan E. Díaz‑Mendoza1 · Gustavo Capilla‑González2 · Israel Martínez‑Ramírez2 · Miguel E. Gutiérrez‑Rivera2 · David Díaz‑Infante3 · Ismael Ruíz‑López4 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020
Abstract In sheet metal forming, residual stresses are related to springback and material failure after the deformation process or during service due to load history. Thus, being able to either calculate or measure such stresses is of great importance. This paper aims to evaluate the use of the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) technique to measure residual stresses on TRIP steel. Residual stresses are measured after springback on specimens used in three-point bending tests; where three bending angles are considered. Experiments are compared with Finite Element calculations in terms of punch force, springback angle and residual stresses. Work-hardening and anisotropy parameters, used in simulations, are experimentally determined by the uniaxial tensile test. Results indicate that advanced hardening models are necessary to increase the accuracy of springback predictions. Nevertheless, residual stress calculations show a good correlation with experimental values. Also, it was proved that ESPI is a powerful technique to measure the residual stress on complex surfaces, as the ones typically encountered in sheet forming processes. Future work includes residual stress predictions for different forming processes. Keywords Residual stress · FE simulation · Springback · ESPI · TRIP steel
1 Introduction In the last decades, car manufacturers have faced the challenge to meet the environmental regulations to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) have been increasingly used to reduce the weight of structural components without compromising the passenger’s safety. Typically, these components Technical Editor: João Marciano Laredo dos Reis. * Gustavo Capilla‑González [email protected] 1
Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Guanajuato, 36885 Salamanca, Guanajuato, Mexico
2
Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico
3
Applied Research, Nidec Minster Corporation, 240 W 5th St, Minster, OH 45865, USA
4
Research Projects, Tech Center, CIE PEMSA Celaya, Guanajuato 38024, Mexico
are fabricated by forming operations, such as drawing, bending, piercing or trimming. However, during press forming operations, problems related to springback and spring-go after forming, residual stresses and fracture in stretched surfaces typically occur [1, 2]. As a result, different bending tests, such as the V-shaped die test and three-point bending test have been proposed in order to evaluate the formability and springback of steel sheets d
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