Experimental Assessment of Residual Integrity and Balanced Mechanical Properties of GFRP/CFRP Hybrid Laminates under Ten
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Experimental Assessment of Residual Integrity and Balanced Mechanical Properties of GFRP/CFRP Hybrid Laminates under Tensile and Flexural Conditions Enrique Alcudia‑Zacarías1 · Arturo Abúndez‑Pliego1 · Jan Mayén2 · Jorge Colín‑Ocampo1 · Andrés Blanco‑Ortega1 · Wilberth M. Alcocer‑Rosado1 Received: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this work, the hybrid effect on both tensile and flexural properties as well as the residual integrity of six hybrid unidirectional laminates of carbon/glass fibers with epoxy resin matrix was experimentally assessed. The experimental results showed that the best balance on both tensile and flexural properties was obtained by a high degree of dispersion of low and high elongation reinforcement within the interply hybrid configuration. The [G/C/ G]s hybrid condition exhibited a hybrid effect ranging from 1.30 to 1.87, which means an increase of 30% and 87% for the laminate mechanical performance, respectively. Furthermore, increases in both the tensile residual integrity of 3.67 times, and the flexural residual integrity of 1.26 times were obtained, compared to the reference laminates. Keywords Hybrid effect · Residual integrity · Hybrid laminates · Balanced mechanical properties
1 Introduction Lightweight structures have been gaining attention exponentially from the past few decades as a result of worldwide environmental and safety concerns, which have evolved into regulations particularly on both gas emission and fuel efficiency, as well as crashworthiness. One of the technical challenges, in order to face these requirements, is to develop lightweight structures which are suitable for the substitution of the metal heavyweight materials traditionally used for build blades, vehicle or aircraft parts. The fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) have been shown to be a promising alternative due to two particular properties: high specific strength and high specific stiffness [1–3]. However, FRC materials are characterized by its brittle failure without sufficient
* Enrique Alcudia‑Zacarías [email protected] 1
Tecnológico Nacional de México / CENIDET, Prolongación Av. Palmira Esq. Apatzingán S/N, Col. Palmira. C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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CONACYT‑CIATEQ, Unidad San Luis Potosí, Eje 126 No. 225 Zona Industrial. San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. C.P. 78395, San Luis Potosí, México
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Applied Composite Materials
warning, which is the main reason for the slow substitution of lightweight and ductile metals such as aluminum alloys in safety structures. Hybridization is a strategy that has been proposed to make FRC materials less brittle and more damage resistant by mixing the reinforcement fibers with high-performance fibers [4] or ductile materials [5–7] within a single composite laminate. The term “fiber hybrid composite” is used to describe a matrix containing at least two types of reinforcement. The two fibers types are typically referred to as low elongation (LE) and high elongation (HE) fibers. The fiber hybr
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