Experimental investigation of polarization modulation instability in a double-clad single-mode tellurite optical fiber
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Experimental investigation of polarization modulation instability in a double‑clad single‑mode tellurite optical fiber Tonglei Cheng1 · Fan Zhang1 · Shuguang Li1 · Xin Yan1 · Fang Wang1 · Xuenan Zhang1 · Takenobu Suzuki2 · Yasutake Ohishi2 Received: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A double-clad single-mode tellurite optical fiber (DC-SMTOF) with a loss of 0.5 dB/m @1545.1 nm was fabricated based on the T eO2–ZnO–Li2O–Bi2O3 (TZLB) material. During the fiber drawing process, a low level of residual birefringence was produced, which gave a chance for the investigation of the polarization modulation instability (PMI). With a nanosecond laser operated at 1545.1 nm as the pump source, the PMI effect in the DC-SMTOF was investigated using different fiber length and different average pump power. This investigation of the PMI generation in non-silica optical fibers may provide guidance for the generation of the highly repetitive optical pulse train.
1 Introduction Modulation instability (MI) is a nonlinear four-wave mixing process in which the amplitude and phase modulations of a wave grow as a result of an interplay between the nonlinear and dispersive effects, and the energy is exchanged between an intense pump wave and two weak sideband waves [1–4]. When MI was first observed in optical fibers [1], it was regarded possible only in the anomalous dispersion regime, because the nonlinear phase mismatch of this regime is positive, while MI requires a negative one to occur [5–7]. Therefore, extensive investigations have been carried out concerning MI in the anomalous dispersion regime of various optical fibers [8, 9]. However, in the birefringence optical fibers, MI process may occur in the normal dispersion regime, among which is the polarization modulation instability (PMI) [10–13], where the coupling induced by the two orthogonally polarized wave contributes to the linear phase mismatch and, therefore, plays a predominant role in the phase-matching condition [5].
* Xuenan Zhang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Research Center for Advanced Photon Technology, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468‑8511, Japan
2
PMI was first theoretically predicted in 1970 by Berkhoer et al. [14], and since then, many investigations concerning PMI have been conducted. In 1988, Wabnitz et al. reported PMI in a nonlinear birefringent dispersive medium [15]. In 1995 Murdoch et al. published the first experimental observation of PMI in a weakly birefringent optical fibers [16]. Kruhlak et al. investigated PMI effect in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in 2006 [17]. Frisquet et al. demonstrated the generation of PMI sidebands in the normal dispersion regime of a relatively long span of dispersion-compensating fiber in 2015 [18]. Recently, Fatome et al. reported the observation of PMI proces
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