Experimental Methods and Results in Rarefied Gas Dynamics
The considerable interest in rarefied gas dynamics, which developed during the late fifties and the sixties, as a result of spectacular space programs, has led to the study of a great number of theoretical and experimental problems concerning flows of neu
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RAREFIED GAS FLOWS THEORY
AND EXPERIMENT
EDITED BY
W. FISZOON INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH WARSAW
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks.
© 1981 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 1981
ISBN 978-3-211-81595-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2898-5
ISBN 978-3-7091-2898-5 (eBook)
PREFACE
The theoretical description and analysis of the behaviour of gases is based on models which are not uniformly adequate and useful for this material, that is composed of a very large number of discrete particles. At one end, in the case of dense gases, where very small Knudsen numbers are involved, the continuum model has proved its validity. At the other hand, when dealing with rarefied gases, characterized by large Knudsen numbers, the statistical mechanics model is the most appropriate. As far as the latter case is concerned, until the middle of this century the aim was to develop our knowledge and to reach the possibility of deducing the transport properties of rarefied gases and of correlating them with their molecular interaction laws, as well as of deducing their molecular description, based on Boltzmann's equation, and of correlating it with the continuous one, exemplified by the Navier-Stokes equations. It is only in the late fifties that it became evident that in many problems of practical interest, related with the motion of rarefied gases, it was necessary to take into account some of the properties due to their discrete, molecular nature, and thus the kinetic theory of gases, or rather the dynamics of rarefied gases, was established. This volume contains the set of five lecture series which covered selected aspects of the rarefied gas dynamics and gave a coherent picture of this field of mechanics. - C. Cercignani's lectures introduce Boltzmann's equation and describe the methods used for solving it; - J.P. Guiraud considers the fundamental mathematical problems concerning the existence and uniqueness of the solution of Boltzmann's equation in various spaces; - W. Fiszdon provides an example of the application of the kinetic theory to the solution of the simple, one-dimensional well-defined problem of the shock-wave structure in an infinite space; - S. Nocilla's lectures deal with the very involved problem of gas-surface interaction, whose solution is required in all problems concerning a gas confined in spaces bounded by solid surfaces;
- ].]. Smolderen offers an insight into the experimental methods used in rarefied gas dynamics and presents the experimental results obtained. In publishing this volume in the by now well-established series of CISM Lecture Notes, I hope that the young - and perhaps also the not so young - scientists who wish to get acquainted with the problems of rarefied ga
