EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IMPACTOR MOTION IN SALT ICE
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IMPACTOR MOTION IN SALT ICE S. I. Gerasimova,b,c,d,∗, A. V. Zubankova,b , A. P. Kalmykova , a
b
UDC 531.133.1
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S. A. Kapinos , E. G. Kosyak , and P. G. Kuznetsov
Abstract: Results of an experimental study of the normal collision of cylindrical impactors with sea ice are presented. The dynamics of wave process development in the thickness of a salt ice obstacle and the behavior of the forces of resistance to impactor penetration are analyzed at different impact velocities. The possibility of using induction cross sections for determining the position of impactors in the obstacle in a range of initial velocities of 800–1500 m/s. Pulsed X-ray diffraction is used to obtain motion diagrams (depth versus time) and the dimensions of cavities formed. Keywords: polycrystalline ice, salt ice, cylindrical impactor, dynamic hardness, cavity. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894420040070
Interest in studying the impact interaction of deformable bodies and structures with ice comes from the formulation and solution of a number of applied engineering problems (variation patterns in the contact efforts of resistance to penetration and the determination of the final penetration depth and fracture parameters in an ice barrier). Ice being a model material with adjustable structure and properties is used in many continuum mechanics models. Depending on temperature, salinity, and loading conditions, the elastic and rheological properties of ice differ. The properties of ice have been studied for many years, but its physical and mechanical parameters have not been profoundly investigated, especially under intense dynamic loads. A large number of papers (see, e.g., [1–3]) are devoted to studying the strength and crack resistance of polycrystalline sea ice under dynamic loads. The main factors affecting the ice strength are temperature, loading rate, ice type, crystal structure, and sample size. Ice has unique plastic properties, a quasi-liquid surface layer, significant proton conductivity, a completely disordered hydrogen sublattice, etc. Polycrystalline ice is used as a model material for fundamental research in the field of solid mechanics. The study of the physical and mechanical properties of ice is traditional and ultimately decisive from the point of view of engineering applications. This study presents the results of investigating the penetration of ice barriers by flat-ended cylindrical impactors of calibers of 10.0 and 14.5 mm in a velocity range of 800–1500 m/s (penetration is carried out along the
a
Russian Federal Nuclear Center—All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov, 607190 Russia; ∗ [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. b Sarov State Physics and Technical Institute—A Branch of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Sarov, 607186 Russia; [email protected]; [email protected]. c Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia. d Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering—A Branch of
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