Experimental trauma rapidly modifies functional connectivity
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Experimental trauma rapidly modifies functional connectivity Geraldine Gvozdanovic 1,2,3 & Erich Seifritz 1,4 & Philipp Stämpfli 1 & Antonietta Canna 5 & Björn Rasch 6 & Fabrizio Esposito 5 Accepted: 4 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Traumatic events can produce emotional, cognitive and autonomous physical responses. This may ultimately lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric syndrome which requires comprehensive treatment. Trauma exposure alters functional connectivity; however, onset and nature of these changes are unknown. Here, we explore functional connectivity changes at rest directly after experimental trauma exposure. Seventy-three healthy subjects watched either a trauma or a control film. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were conducted before and directly after the film. Seedbased analyses revealed trauma-related changes in functional connectivity, specifically including decreases of connectivity between amygdala and middle temporal gyrus and increases between hippocampus and precuneus. These central effects were accompanied by trauma-related increases in heart rate. Moreover, connectivity between the amygdala and middle temporal gyrus predicted subsequent trauma-related valence. Our results demonstrate rapid functional connectivity changes in memory-related brain regions at rest after experimental trauma, selectively relating to changes in emotions evoked by the trauma manipulation. Results could represent an early predictive biomarker for the development of trauma-related PTSD and thus provide an indication for the need of early targeted preventive interventions. Keywords Trauma . Resting state fMRI . Trauma film paradigm . Connectivity
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive and avoidant sympElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00396-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Geraldine Gvozdanovic [email protected] 1
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
2
Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
3
Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
4
Competence Center of Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
5
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi Salerno, Italy
6
Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
toms, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and increases in arousal (APA 2013). Exposure to a traumatic event can alter neurobiological processing and ultimately result in PTSD (Bremner 1999; Elbert and Schauer 2014). Therefore, it is of great importance to explore early neurobiological factors following a traumatic event. Previous researc
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